Mechanical Properties with the Functional Group of Additives for Starch/PVA Blend Film

This paper deals with the mechanical properties and degree of swelling (DS) of starch/PVA blend film with the functional groups i.e., hydroxyl and carboxyl group, of additives. Starch/PVA blend films were prepared by using the mixing process. Glycerol (GL) with 3 hydroxyl group, sorbitol (SO) with 6 hydroxyl group, succinic acid (SA) with 2 carboxyl group, malic acid (MA) with 1 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group, tartaric acid (TA) with 2 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group and citric acid (CA) with 1 hydroxyl and 3 carboxyl group were used as additives. The results of measured tensile strength (TS) and elongation (%E) verified that both hydroxyl and carboxyl group as a functional groups increased the flexibility and strength of the film. Values of DS for GL-added and SA-added films were low. However, DS values of the films added MA, TA or CA with both hydroxyl and carboxyl group were comparatively high. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were evidently improved. The reason is probably because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature.     

降低FCC再生烟气NOx排放助剂的实验室评价

通过采用ACE装置与烟气NOx分析仪器联用的实验室评价方法,可在更接近实际催化裂化反应-再生过程的条件下,评价助剂对再生烟气中NOx的催化转化性能,同时还可考察助剂的加入对催化裂化产品分布的影响。采用该方法对几种降NOx助剂的性能进行了评价,结果表明,在催化剂体系中含有Pt基CO助燃剂的情况下,加入4％的RDNO;助剂后,烟气NOx降低幅度约30％～40％,且催化裂化产品分布基本不受影响。     

Ex situ remediation of contaminated sediments using mineral additives: assessment of pollutant bioavailability with the Microtox solid phase test

The aim of this work is to assess the potential ecotoxicological effects of contaminated sediments treated with mineral additives. The Microtox solid phase test was used to evaluate the effect of mineral additives on the toxicity of sediment suspensions. Four Mediterranean port sediments were studied after dredging and bioremediation: Sample A from navy harbor, sample B from commercial port and samples C and D from pleasure ports. Sediment samples were stabilized with three mineral additives: hematite, zero-valent iron and zeolite. Results show that all studied mineral additives can act as stabilizer agent in highly contaminated sediments (A and C) by decreasing dissolved metal concentrations and sediment toxicity level. On the contrary, for the less contaminated samples (B and D) hematite and zeolite can provoke toxic effect towards Vibrio fischeri since additive particles can favor bacteria retention and decrease bioluminescence emission.     

碱液预处理玉米秸秆的条件优化及添加剂的选择

利用稀NaOH溶液预处理玉米秸秆,以去除木质素,减少半纤维素、纤维素的损失为目的,采用响应曲面法对预处理条件进行优化,得到的最佳预处理条件为:NaOH溶液浓度0.77%(w/w),预处理时间16 h,温度45.6℃。并且,进一步研究了不同添加剂(聚乙二醇、吐温-80和尿素)与NaOH溶液协同作用下秸秆中木质素的去除效果,结果表明尿素与NaOH的混合溶液对木质素去除效果最显著。秸秆在45.6℃,0.77%NaOH和0.2%尿素混合溶液中浸泡16 h后,纤维素回收率为86.33%,半纤维素回收率为69.89%,木质素去除率为64.93%;与原秸秆相比,纤维素含量提高了31.70%,半纤维素含量提高了6.62%,木质素含量减少了46.48%。     

几种印染助剂对壳聚糖稳定纳米铁去除酸性品红的影响

以氯化铁为铁源,硼氢化钠为还原剂,壳聚糖为稳定剂,采用液相还原法制备壳聚糖稳定纳米铁（CS-nZⅥ）;研究了印染废水中常见助剂NaNO₃、Na₂SO₄、NaH₂PO₄、K₂Cr₂O₇、EDTA二钠盐存在下,超声波辅助CS-nZⅥ对酸性品红（AF）降解的影响。结果表明,反应15 min,0.01 g CS-nZⅥ对25 mL、100 mg/L AF的去除率高达99.9%;各种助剂的存在使得纳米铁表面不同程度失活,阻碍反应的进行,使得AF的去除率下降。NaNO₃、K₂Cr₂O₇、EDTA二钠盐与纳米铁发生反应,与AF存在明显的竞争作用。重复利用实验表明,CS-nZⅥ重复利用7次仍具有一定的反应活性。此外,CS-nZⅥ对加标（50 mg/L）实际废水中AF的去除率达到99%以上,表明CS-nZⅥ是一种潜在的环境修复材料。     

Investigation of Nanoparticle Additives to Biodiesel for Improvement of the Performance and Exhaust Emissions in a Compression Ignition Engine

Worldwide energy demand has been growing steadily during the past five decades and most experts believe that this trend will continue to rise. The amount of emitted harmful emission gases increases in parallel with increasing energy consumption. This increase has forced many countries to take various precautions, and various restrictions on emitted emissions have been carried. In this study, effects of addition of oxygen containing nanoparticle additives to biodiesel on fuel properties and effects on diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated. Two different nanoparticle additives, namely MgO and SiO₂, were added to biodiesel at the addition dosage of 25 and 50 ppm. Fuel properties, engine performance, and exhaust emission characteristics of obtained modified fuels were examined. As a result of this study, engine emission values NO_x and CO were decreased and engine performance values slightly increased with the addition of nanoparticle additives.     

Gasoline-derived methyl tert-butyl ether as a potential obesogen linked to metabolic syndrome

正The power and efficiency of gasoline engines is often improved through the use of fuel with high octane ratings.The octane rating of fuel could be further increased with oxygenate additives such as alcohols and ethers, with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) being one of the most common gasoline additives. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease     

橡胶助剂析出的原因及防治探析——以武警现行列装鞋靴产品为例

橡胶助剂析出是橡胶制品的常发问题,本文从原料、配方设计、炼胶工艺、硫化工艺、存储条件等方面分析了武警现行鞋靴橡胶助剂析出的原因、形式及危害,提出了防治对策。     

型煤燃烧固硫的钠离子效应

本文用脉冲二氧化硫荧光分析仪连续测试了煤样中二氧化硫的浓度，并用Ｘ荧光、Ｘ衍射和电子扫描电镜等方法，分析了添加钠离子样品的含硫率、物相及表面形貌。实验结果表明，钠离子添加剂改变了二氧化硫释放过程，抑制了硫酸钙的分解。灰样成分中既有稳定的三元化合物３ＣａＯ．３Ａｌ２Ｏ３．ＣａＳＯ４，也有不稳定的化合物硫酸钙存在，说明钠离子添加剂对提高固硫率有促进作用。     

双氰胺、氢醌与含磷添加剂联合使用对堆肥温室气体排放的影响

为实现堆肥过程N2O、CH4和NH3的同步减排,在双氰胺和氢醌的基础上进一步研究磷石膏和过磷酸钙添加对猪粪堆肥温室气体和NH3排放的影响.以猪粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料,设置3个堆肥处理:只添加双氰胺和氢醌(HD)、添加双氰胺、氢醌和磷石膏(HD+P)和添加双氰胺、氢醌和过磷酸钙(HD+S),在60L的发酵罐中进行40d的...