ADVANCES IN THE BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD IN SUBSURFACE FLOW1

ABSTRACT: This paper explores some of the advances of the boundary element method, as applied to ground-water problems, during the last five years. Although the method is still somewhat limited compared to solution by finite elements, the range of solutions has increased considerably. Diffusion and advection-diffusion solutions are done efficiently. These include the incorporation of inhomogeneity, anisotropy, and nonlinear diffusion. The difficult problem of stream-aquifer interaction is an important application as it is much easier to follow a free surface with its multiple configurations. The application must be able to cycle between ground-water connection and disconnection with the stream and include seepage surfaces. Flow in fractured media is a natural application where the flow in fractures can usually be treated without a computational exception in spite of extremely high aspect ratios. The case of seawater intrusion forms a type of free surface problem and thus is a case for which the method has special advantages. For these and other applications the boundary element method provides an inexpensive technique for calculation where the data preparation and setup time is minimal. In most of these cases, programs can and have been written on microcomputers.     

137Cs在大鹏澳中迁移分布的数值模拟与预测

137Cs作为广东核电站放射性排出核素之一,具有高残留,高积累的特点.悬浮物对放射性核素的吸附沉降是影响海湾水体中核素迁移的重要机制之一.为正确评价核电站放射性排出物对大亚湾海湾水域的影响,建立了考虑悬浮物吸附沉降影响的深度平均二维对流扩散模型,模拟了放射性核素137Cs在大鹏澳内的迁移分布状况,并对未来湾内水质进行预测.模拟预测表明若维持当前排放量,未来50年内海湾中137Cs活度并没有呈持续上升趋势,局部虽略有累积,但活度值仍很小,最大仅约4Bq/m3,说明悬浮物吸附137Cs沉降对海湾的自净作用不容忽视. 137     

用三维平流扩散模式预测滇池地区氟化物污染

根据包含有PBL湍流统计量的三维物质连续方程,作者设计了一个同时考虑大气参数的时空(三维)变化、多个连续污染源、线性的化学转化和迁移以及复杂地形影响的三维平流扩散模式,并将滇池地区整个PBL内连续实测的湍流统计量、拉氏时间尺度、中尺度流场和混合层厚度直接输入模式,对山谷风、湖陆风和城市热岛(昆明市)中尺度局地环流控制下的氟化氢浓度的日变化作了预测。结果表明,在输入同一资料情况下,预测的结果与实测值大体上一致。     

微囊藻属一日内垂向分布的数值模拟

将水质模型与微囊藻属浮力调节模型相结合,建立微囊藻属垂向浓度分布模型,该模型不仅保留了以往模型的优点且改进了以往模型的不足,如考虑了微囊藻群体的直径大小及微囊藻属的浮力调节能力.模型结果与荷兰的Vinkeveen湖的实际测量数据吻合良好.此外,模拟结果也表明:微囊藻属在垂向的分布受水体紊动程度影响显著.微囊藻群体的最大浓度并不在水体表面,而是在水下一定深度处.小尺寸群体微囊藻群体(20~50μm)在水深方向的分布比大尺寸群体(100~200μm)更加均匀.日落后,微囊藻属会因为密度减小上浮至水面,反之,白日里,微囊藻属密度增加向水底方向下沉,因此日出前水面的微囊藻属浓度高于日落前的水面浓度.     

海面溢油对流扩散的反向计算

针对船舶造成的油污染问题,提出了反向追踪溢油的概念。在反向计算过程中,对流扩散方程的对流项一方面具有强烈的方向性,意味着上游信息通过对流项向下游传递;另一方面由于是逆向计算,因此计算时下游信息也需要通过对流项传递到上游。此外与顺时计算不同,扩散项在反向计算时更容易积累误差,从而使计算格式趋于不稳。针对反向计算的如上特点,我们对对流项和扩散项均采取了中心差分的处理方式。通过对两个算例(1)无界区域和(2)有界区域的实例演算,我们认为该方法无论是在开放的海域还是在封闭或半封闭海域均能取得基本令人满意的结果。     

Integral transform solutions for atmospheric pollutant dispersion

A transient two-dimensional advection–diffusion model describing the turbulent dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere has been solved via the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT), by two different schemes. The first approach performs numerical integration of the transformed system using available routines for initial value problems with automatic error control. In spite of the time-consuming character of such a scheme, its flexibility allows the handling of problems involving time-dependent meteorological parameters such as wind speed and eddy diffusivities. The second approach works fully analytically being thus intrinsically more robust and economic, although not directly applicable in dealing with time-dependent parameters. For the test problem used in this work, both methods agree very well with each other, as well as with a known analytical solution for a simpler formulation used as benchmark. The impact of the longitudinal diffusivity on the stiffness of the ordinary differential equation (ODE) system arising from the integral transformation has been assessed through the processing time demanded to solve it when the numerical approach is used. The observed CPU times show that the analytical approach is clearly preferable unless the problem involves time-dependent parameters.     

突发水污染预警应急响应研究与实践的方法学辨析

2005年底松花江硝基苯污染发生至今,我国开展河流突发污染预警应急的研究实践已有10年,有必要对相关应急技术的发展历程及研究实践方法学进行系统梳理.因此,本文运用系统论的原理与方法,对河流突发污染应急预警响应过程中的基础科学问题进行数学抽象与深入剖析.首先梳理归纳了处警后预警应急响应的基本流程,即以"应急溯源"和"风险预警"为主线辅以"应急监测".然后,通过文献计量学分析了预警和溯源的技术成熟度过程及发展趋势.同时,对"污染追踪/溯源"正反问题进行系统论刻画并深入辨析其不确定性与不适定性特征.最后,用相似理论分析和定义了关键研究问题的时空特征尺度.结果表明,本文提出的相关框架、论断和准则可为应急预警响应研究实践提供统一的科学范畴、通用的研究范式与方法论参考.     

考虑悬浮物吸附沉降作用的海湾放射性核素迁移数值模拟

首次建立了考虑悬浮物对放射性核素的吸附沉陷影响的海湾放射性核素迁移数值模型，并对模型进行了检验，对所建模型和先前不考虑悬浮物吸附沉陷影响的放射性核素迁移模型进行了模拟对比分析，充分体现了考虑悬浮物对核索迁移影响进去的必要性。应用本模型对大亚湾核电站诽出的放射性污染物137Cs在大鹏澳内的迁移分布状况进行了模拟分析，其模拟结果与实测结果吻合良好，表明了本模型的可靠性，可为放射性污染源对海湾环境影响评价提供科学依据。     

地下水溶质反常运移的分数阶对流扩散模型研究进展

地下水溶质在非均质多孔介质中的扩散过程并不总是遵循Fick定律,因此称为反常扩散或反常运移,其本质上是非马尔可夫非局域性过程.分数阶对流扩散模型可以对含水层中溶质的这种运移进行充分而准确的描述.本文在阐明多孔介质溶质反常运移基本问题及其动力学机理基础上,综述了三类分数阶对流扩散模型,即空间分数阶对流扩散模型、时间分数阶对流扩散模型和分布式分数阶对流扩散模型,并详细讨论了分数阶对流扩散模型在地下水溶质反常运移领域的应用前景和挑战.