水体中化学需氧量的快速测定

介绍了一种快速测定水体中COD的新方法，该法将近红外光谱分析技术中的化学计量学方法应用到紫外可见光区域，对水体进行COD测试，并将结果和标准试验方法进行比较，取得了令人满意的结果。     

环境污染经济损失估算模型的构建及其应用

基于污染物的环境污染损失机理性模型,Logistic方程及环境价值的相关理论,建立了环境污染经济损失估算模型.该模型不仅能反映出污染物浓度、污染物排放量、环境资源价值与经济价值损失间的关系,而且利用该模型可以定量地反映环境污染对环境资源价值造成的损害.将该模型用于估算福州市工业水污染造成的经济损失,其估算量与利用经济计量法计算出的结果进行比较发现:二者评价结果较为一致,但前者略大.      

基于文献计量分析土壤修复的研究现状与趋势

本文对CNKI中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库以及重庆维普数据库收录的有关我国污染土壤修复的研究论文进行了检索,以文献计量学方法进行统计分析,明确了我国污染土壤修复研究的发展现状。2000—2011年,我国污染土壤修复领域的文献量呈快速上升趋势,污染土壤修复的研究在全国范围内得到了关注。该领域涉及作者6 012名,核心作者129名。著录发文机构共1 067家,发表论文100篇及以上的机构3家,是本领域的主要研究机构,中国科学院发文数量居首位。被引次数排在前10位的论文总被引次数为3 188,被引次数最高的前3篇论文分别刊登在《土壤通报》、《科学通报》上。《农业环境科学学报》(其前身《农业环境保护》)刊发论文数量、影响因子居于榜首,《安徽农业科学》刊发89篇,位居第2。关键词分析表明,重金属污染、有机物污染、农药污染是我国土壤污染的主要类型;土壤修复方式以植物修复、微生物修复、电动修复较多,化学修复、物理修复、淋溶修复较少;原位修复较异位修复研究为多。     

PM10切割器捕集效率评价装置及方法研究

PM₁₀切割器是对大气颗粒物粒径进行分离的重要部件,会影响PM₁₀监测结果的准确性.本研究通过搭建基于静态箱法的切割器捕集效率评价系统,对进口和国产的两款旋风式PM₁₀切割器的捕集效率进行了评价,通过使用标准规定的8种粒径单分散聚苯乙烯微球,测量并拟合了PM₁₀切割器的捕集效率曲线,最终获取D_a50（PM₁₀切割器的捕集效率为50%时对应的空气动力学粒径）及几何标准偏差.评价结果表明,该装置能满足PM₁₀切割器的评价需求,所评价的两个PM₁₀切割器的D_a50分别为10.43 μm和10.44 μm,性能指标均符合标准规定,且进气流量增大时,PM₁₀切割器的D_a50呈减小趋势.该研究结果对于进一步规范切割器的制造及使用具有科学意义.     

我国应急预案研究文献的定量分析

以同方知网的中国学术文献网络出版总库近10年所收录的应急预案研究文献为依据,运用文献计量学方法对应急预案研究文献的年代分布、来源分布、基金资助、著者情况、发文机构、引用次数及下载次数进行定性、定量统计分析,反映该研究领域的研究热点、发展趋势和研究动向,使研究者了解本领域研究热点、发展趋势和研究动向,为研究者科研选题提供参考信息。     

Disentangling the causes of protected‐species bycatch in gillnet fisheries

Gillnet fisheries are widely thought to pose a conservation threat to many populations of marine mammals, seabirds, and turtles. Gillnet fisheries also support a significant proportion of small‐scale fishing communities worldwide. Despite a large number of studies on protected‐species bycatch in recent decades, relatively few have examined the underlying causes of bycatch and fewer still have considered the issue from a multitaxon perspective. We used 3 bibliographic databases and one search engine to identify studies by year of publication and taxon. The majority of studies on the mechanisms of gillnet bycatch are not accessible through the mainstream published literature. Many are reported in technical papers, government reports, and university theses. We reviewed over 600 published and unpublished studies of bycatch in which causal or correlative factors were considered and identified therein 28 environmental, operational, technical, and behavioral factors that may be associated with high or low bycatch rates of the taxa. Of the factors considered, 11 were associated with potential bycatch reduction in 2 out of the 3 taxa, and 3 factors (water depth, mesh size, and net height) were associated with trends in bycatch rate for all 3 taxa. These findings provide a basis to guide further experimental work to test hypotheses about which factors most influence bycatch rates and to explore ways of managing fishing activities and improving gear design to minimize the incidental capture of species of conservation concern while ensuring the viability of the fisheries concerned.     

A FRAMEWORK OF ORDERED CLIMATE EFFECTS ON WATER RESOURCES: A COMPREHENSIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY1

ABSTRACT: An examination of the metadata for almost 900 bibliographic references on the effects of climate change and variability on U.S. water resources reveals strengths and weaknesses in our current knowledge. Considerable progress has been made in the modeling of climate change effects on first-order systems such as regional hydrology, but significant work remains to be done in understanding subsequent effects on the second-, third-, and fourth-order economic and social systems (e.g., agriculture, trade balance, and national economic development) that water affects. In order to remedy a recently-revealed lack of understanding about climate change on the part of the public, climate and water scientists should collaborate with social scientists in illuminating the effects of climate change and variability on the systems that affect how and where most people live.     

《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2001年～2005年载文及作者统计分析

本文运用文献计量学方法,以《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2001～2005年发表的论文作为研究对象,分别就载文及作者的情况进行了统计分析,为该刊将来的发展提供参考数据。