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The in utero course of the anemic fetus has improved dramatically, owing to early diagnosis and cordocentesis transfusion. In utero invasive procedures such as amnio- and cordocentesis have become important modalities in the evaluation and treatment of anemic fetuses. However, they carry risks for both the mother and fetus. A valid and sensitive noninvasive means of following the anemic fetus is the evaluation of changes in the middle cerebral artery peak systolic flow velocity (MCA-PSV). This is a sensitive tool for both the evaluation of fetal anemia and response to treatment. Intracerebral vessels respond earliest to the fetal anemic state, and are readily accessible for ultrasound examination. We describe the methodology and evolving clinical applications of MCA-PSV measurement in the fetus, through an overview of the literature describing the development and application of MCA-PSV measurement in fetuses at risk of fetal anemia of various immune and nonimmune etiologies, illustrated by index cases from our center. MCA-PSV measurement is essential in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of cases of fetal anemia. The use of this modality lessens the need for invasive procedures. The method is readily accessible and should be integrated into the repertoire of all obstetric ultrasound centers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Veeriah Jegatheesan Nevelina Pachova Perlie Velasco Mohamed Ismail Mohammed Mowjood Sujithra Kaushaliya Weragoda Madhubhashini Makehelwala Ngo Thuy Diem Trang Bao-Trong Dang Cong-Sac Tran Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo Nguyen Thi Thu Trang Huy Pham Ma. Catriona Devanadera Antonina Torrens Xuan-Thanh Bui Phuoc-Dan Nguyen Amy Lecciones Kristhombu Baduge Shameen Nishantha Jinadasa 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):335-365
Water quality is a critical challenge in Asia in the context of growing industrialization, urbanization, and climate change. Nature-based solutions (NbS) could play an important role in reducing urban water pollution, while generating multiple co-benefits that could make cities more liveable and resilient. In this regard, a number of pilot and demonstration projects have been set up to explore their potential across cities in Asia. Their effectiveness and impacts, however, have not been adequately documented, thus how they can be sustained, replicated and up-scaled remain poorly understood. This study aims to contribute to addressing this challenge by co-developing an integrated assessment framework and employing it to understand how existing evaluations of NbS in the region can be improved. It focuses specifically on a set of nature-based solutions that have been employed for water treatment across six cities in Southeast Asia (two in each Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Vietnam), namely, floating wetlands, constructed wetlands and maturation ponds. The study also suggests specific methodologies for capturing a set of core indicators considered relevant for assessing the effectiveness and capturing the multi-faceted impacts of the examined NbS. 相似文献
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S. Cavani C. Perfumo F. Faravelli M. Malacarne M. Sogliani G. Piombo G. Zerega M. Zucca F. Dagna Bricarelli M. Pierluigi 《黑龙江环境通报》2003,23(10):819-823
Here we describe a foetus with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), cerebral malformations and a 46,XY,der(1),t(1;6)(p36.3;q25.2) karyotype owing to a familial cryptic translocation segregating in three generations. A balanced translocation was present in the mother, the maternal uncle, the aunt and the grandmother. A female first cousin with dysmorphisms, hydrocephalus and mental retardation was a carrier of a partial trisomy 1p and a partial monosomy 6q. Multiple miscarriages were present in the family pedigree. Parents of the foetus had three other pregnancies: a male with a balanced translocation, and two foetuses with 1p36.3–pter monosomy and 6q25.2–qter trisomy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Final oocyte maturation is the key step to successful spawning and fertilization.Quantitative real-time PCR(q PCR) is the technique of election to quantify the abundance of functional genes in such study. Reference gene is essential for correct interpretation of q PCR data. However, an ideal universal reference gene that is stable under all experimental circumstances has not been described. Researchers should validate their reference genes while performing q PCR analysis. The expression of 6 candidate reference genes: 18 s r RNA,28 s r RNA, Cathepsin Z, Elongation factor 1-α, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase andβ-actin were investigated during final oocyte maturation induced by different compounds(DES and DEHP) in common carp(Cyprinus carpio). Four softwares(Bestkeeper, ge Norm,Norm Finder and Ref Finder) were used to screen the most stable gene in order to evaluate their expression stability. The results revealed that EF1α was highly stable expressed when final oocyte maturation was induced by DES, while gapdh was the most stable gene when final oocyte maturation was induced by DEHP. Stable expressed reference gene selection is critical for all q PCR analysis to get accurate target gene m RNA expression information. 相似文献
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Wolfgang Forstmeier Dennis Hasselquist Staffan Bensch Bernd Leisler 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2006,59(5):634-643
Song complexity is often regarded as a sexually selected trait that reflects the overall quality of a male. In many passerine
species, old males possess larger song repertoires than younger males. This may be either because individual males improve
their performance as they get older (longitudinal increase) or because poor singers have reduced viability and, hence, are
underrepresented in old age classes (cross-sectional increase). We studied the age dependence of repertoire size and other
song traits in a German and a Swedish great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) population. We found marked differences between longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches, as well as between the two
study populations. In the German population, we found that syllable switching, a measure of immediate versatility and strophe
length, increased with age in a cross-sectional analysis. This was not because birds improved with age (longitudinally) but
because syllable switching was positively correlated with male longevity. However, in Sweden, syllable switching seemed to
be unrelated to age and longevity. In the Swedish population, individual males increased their repertoire size as they got
older (longitudinal increase), but this did not happen in the German population. Hence, two populations, even when belonging
to the same subspecies, may differ in whether or not they show delayed song maturation. 相似文献
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In insect parasitoids, offspring fitness is strongly influenced by the adult females choice of host, particularly in ectoparasitoids that attack non-growing host stages. We quantified the fitness consequences of size-dependent host species selection in Dirhinus giffardii, a solitary ectoparasitoid of tephritid fruit fly pupae. We first showed a positive correlation between the size of emerged D. giffardii wasps and the size of their host fruit fly species (in order of decreasing size): Bactrocera latifrons, B. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis or Ceratitis capitata. We then manipulated individual wasps to show that the parasitoid preferred to attack the largest (B. latifrons) to the smallest (C. capitata) host species when provided with a choice, and laid a greater proportion of female eggs in B. latifrons than in C. capitata. There were no differences in developmental time or offspring survival between individuals reared from these two host species. Finally, we compared the foraging efficiency of large versus small wasps (reared from B. latifrons vs C. capitata) under two different laboratory conditions: high versus low host habitat quality, given that realized fecundity in parasitoids may be influenced by either egg-limited or time-limited factors. Under both conditions, large wasps parasitized more hosts than did small ones as a consequence of high searching efficiency in the host-poor habitat, and high capacity for adjusting egg maturation in response to host availability in the host-rich habitat. Considering the flexibility of body growth, the apparent lack of cost of achieving large body size in either development or survival, and the strong dependence of realized reproductive success on a females size, we argue that body size may be a key to understanding evolution of host species selection in ectoparasitoids. We also discuss constraints upon the evolution of size-dependent host species selection in parasitoids.Communicated by D. Gwynne 相似文献
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Two premature triplet pregnancies underwent repeated treatment aimed at acceleration of individual fetal lung maturity while administering intravenous tocolytic treatment. From the early third trimester, repeated amniocenteses were used for intra-amniotic administration of thyroxine to each sac, while the individual fetal lung maturation rate was determined by surfactant microviscosity until lung maturity was achieved. 相似文献
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