鱼体中多氯联苯的气相色谱/质谱分析研究

建立了鱼体中共平面多氯联苯(co-PCBs)和指示性多氯联苯(indicator PCBs)残留量的快速溶剂萃取气相色谱质谱分析方法.结果表明,18种多氯联苯在20 μg/L～500 μg/L范围内线性良好(r＞0.998),方法的检出限为0.2 ng/kg～0.5 ng/kg.当添加浓度为100 ng/kg时,多氯联苯的回收率为70.2％～113.5％.该方法前处理简便快速,准确性高,满足鱼体痕量多氯联苯残留的分析要求.     

四川省卧龙地区土壤中二噁英类化合物和多氯萘的海拔梯度分布及对牦牛的毒性风险评价

初步研究了四川省卧龙地区5个不同海拔高度的表层土壤和2个牦牛样品中二噁英/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)、共平面多氯联苯(co-PCBs)和多氯萘(PCNs)的分布特征、来源、毒性当量以及生态风险状况.土壤样品中总2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的含量范围为2.48-4.30 pg·g-1dw,平均3.50 pg·g-1dw,最高含量在海拔3927 m的塘房.co-PCBs的总含量平均为9.14 pg·g-1dw,最高值在海拔4487 m的垭口.总2,3,7,8-PC-DD/Fs和总co-PCBs含量随海拔高度的变化表现出正相关关系.不同海拔高度土壤中的PCDD/Fs和co-PCBs异构体的分布相似,表明具有相同的来源.总PCNs与海拔梯度呈负相关关系,最高含量出现在海拔3345 m的贝母坪,平均21.4 pg·g-1dw,主要以3.氯为主.土壤中PcDD/Fs毒性当量浓度范围为0.29-0.43pg TEQ·g-1dw.牦牛肉和牦牛组织中PcDD,/Fs总浓度分别为27.5和23.6 pg·g-1脂肪,毒性当量浓度为4.04和4.07 pg TEQ·g-1脂肪.结果表明,牦牛中的PCDD/Fg,co-PcBs和PCNs不大可能对卧龙地区人群导致严重的负面效应.     

上海崇明农业土壤中共平面多氯联苯的初步研究

采用同位素稀释质谱法,用高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨率质谱仪(HRGC-HRMS)对上海崇明农业土壤中12个共平面多氯联苯(co-PCBs)的含量进行了测定,并且对可能的来源进行了初步探讨。31个农业土壤中co-PCBs浓度范围为24.86~814.50 pg/g,平均值为92.65 pg/g,毒性当量浓度(I-TEQ)为0.032~0.486 pg/g,平均值为0.142 pg/g。经过比较,其浓度远远低于国内外污染土壤水平,和一般的农业土壤水平比较接近,认为该地区基本未受co-PCBs的污染。其中个别位点的毒性当量浓度较高,认为有必要对该地区可能的来源进行分析。主成分分析结果表明,崇明土壤co-PCBs可能来自市售Arcolor和各种燃烧,包括室内煤炭、木料燃烧以及固体或医疗废物燃烧的影响。作为生态岛屿建设的崇明,需要特别关注防止土壤中的co-PCBs进一步升高降低生态系统良性循环的完整性。     

Occurrence of co-planar polybrominated/chlorinated biphenyls (PXBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk of women from Spain

In this study, for the first time, levels and accumulation profiles of eight currently available polybrominated/chlorinated biphenyl congeners (PXBs; XB-77, -105, -118, -126A, -126B, -126C, -156 and -169, named according to IUPAC nomenclature) in human breast milk collected form Spanish women in 2005 were reported. Concentrations and congener specific profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including co-planar PCBs, (co-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were also reported.A concentration of 0.45 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight was found for total PXBs, and arithmetic mean concentrations of 125, 25 and 5.5 ng g⁻¹ lipid weight were determined for total PCBs, co-PCBs and total PBDEs respectively. Detectable levels of all congeners investigated, except CB-123 and XB-169 were found. Levels of PCBs were similar to those found in Spanish samples collected after 2000, and lower than those obtained before 2000. CB-138, -153 and -180 were the predominant PCB congeners. PBDE levels, dominated by BDE-47, -99, -100 and -209, were lower than PCB levels. PXB concentrations were the lowest, with XB-156 being the most abundant. The concentration levels of PCBs and PBDEs found in this study were in the same range as those from other European countries. Levels of PXBs were much lower than published values determined in Japan which were the only data found in the literature.     

青岛及崇明岛食用鱼和鸭中共平面多氯联苯与多氯萘的研究

利用HRGC-HRMS测定了青岛海鱼和上海崇明岛淡水鱼、鸭样品中共平面多氯联苯(co-PCBs)和多氯萘(PCNs)(均以脂肪计)的质量分数,并根据每日摄取量可能带来的健康风险进行了初步探讨. 青岛海鱼中w(co-PCBs)和w(PCNs)平均值约为4 041和225 pg/g,崇明岛淡水鱼约为3 318和640 pg/g. 崇明岛鸭肉中w(co-PCBs)和w(PCNs)平均值分别约为966和43.8 pg/g. 青岛海鱼中PCNs同系物组成(以5-CNs和3-CNs为主)与崇明岛淡水鱼完全不同. 与国内外其他地区鱼和家禽相比,其污染物含量均较低. 所有样品中co-PCBs的毒性当量浓度(WHO-TEQ)为0.68～11.40 pg/g,PCNs的毒性当量浓度(WHO-TEQ)为0.001～0.210 pg/g. 根据当地人群的饮食习惯,两地人群co-PCBs和PCNs每日摄入量远低于WHO对普通人群规定的每日容许摄入量,因此不会对人群健康产生严重的负面效应.