青岛工业与资源灰色关联分析

本文应用灰色关联分析方法研究了青岛地区主导工业对资源的依赖状态及不同工业行业之产出对各类资源投入的反应程度,以灰关联树反映工业经济与资源复合系统之整体及不同层次子系统的耦合关系,定量揭示工业经济效益主导变量与各类资源变量的动态联系,从资源高效利用的角度探讨了青岛工业产业结构调整和优化的方向及区域经济与环境效益相协调的可能途径。     

Dynamics and Causation of Environmental Equity, Locally Unwanted Land Uses, and Neighborhood Changes

/ Why are some environmental risks distributed disproportionately in the neighborhoods of the minorities and the poor? A hypothesis was proposed in a recent study that market dynamics contributed to the current environmental inequity. That is, locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) make the host communities home to more poor people and people of color. This hypothesis was allegedly supported by a Houston case study, whereby its author analyzed the postsiting changes of the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhoods surrounding solid waste facilities. I argue that such an analysis of postsiting changes alone is insufficient to test the causation hypothesis. Instead, I propose a conceptual framework for analysis of environmental equity dynamics and causation. I suggest that the presiting neighborhood dynamics and the characteristics of control neighborhoods be analyzed as the first test for the causation hypothesis. Furthermore, I present theories of neighborhood change and then examine alternative hypotheses that these theories offer for explaining neighborhood changes and for the roles of LULUs in neighborhood changes. These alternative hypotheses should be examined when analyzing the relationship between LULUs and neighborhood changes in a metropolitan area. Using this framework of analysis, I revisited the Houston case. First, I found no evidence that provided support for the hypothesis that the presence of LULUs made the neighborhoods home to more blacks and poor people, contrary to the conclusion made by the previous study. Second, I examined alternative hypotheses for explaining neighborhood changes-invasion-succession, other push forces, and neighborhood life-cycle; the former two might offer better explanation.KEY WORDS: Environmental equity and justice; Locally unwanted lane uses; Siting; Market dynamics; Invasion-succession; Neighborhood changes     

2006—2018年中国省级以上开发区的空间分布特征变化

以新的国土空间规划语境为背景,基于核密度估计、标准差椭圆法和分类统计对我国2006—2018年省级以上开发区的密度分布特征变化、发展重心轴向的变化和主体功能区视角下的分布变化做了分析。研究表明：该阶段我国省级以上开发区空间分布的东西差距得到一定缓解,仍存在东部连片集聚、西部据点集中的模式差异。开发区分布的总体重心已经向西北方向移动,发展轴向则由原来的南北轴向转向了东南—西北轴向。从主体功能区视角来看,开发区空间分布格局呈现出外围扩散与局部缩减的动态调整。开发区规模的增长主要集中在重点开发区域,缩减主要发生在生态功能区域。这些新变化将为我国国土空间土地利用优化和国土空间管控实践提供重要参考。     

布置压电阵列元件薄壁结构的振动控制技术研究

目的形成布置压电阵列元件薄壁结构的建模方法,通过时域仿真验证控制效果。方法通过有限元软件建立了布置压电阵列元件薄壁结构的动力学模型,采用ANSYS APDL参数化语言编写程序,自动生成带有压电阵列分流电路的薄壁结构有限元模型,并开展了动力学仿真研究。结果实现了连接分流电路的周期压电结构时域仿真,验证了压电阵列分流阻尼技术在薄壁结构振动控制中的有效性。结论所形成的布置压电阵列元件薄壁结构的建模和仿真方法,可为航空薄壁结构的振动控制提供技术支持。     

海洋油田水下集输-立管内两相流冲击力预测模型

目的分析两相流引起的冲击力与管道固有频率的流固耦合特性。方法针对海洋油田水下集输-立管系统内严重段塞流这一不稳定流动,通过构建气液两相流固耦合预测模型,分析管内段塞频率、管外涡街频率等流动特性与管道固有频率的关系,获取严重段塞流不同阶段对管道的冲击力特性。结果在水平方向上,管道所受冲击力最大部位为水平管与下倾管连接处,约为703.3 N;在垂直方向上,管道所受冲击力最大部位为下倾管底部与立管连接处,约为-993.5 N。管道所受冲击力与管内两相流引发的压力波动存在明显的一致性,在液塞喷发阶段,会引起整个管道冲击力的剧增。结论严重段塞流同一周期内,不同流动阶段所引发的管道振动特性不同,且不可忽视,在实际海管设计及使用过程中,需要结合管道运行工况对海管振动特性进行综合评估。     

区域产业结构转型升级水平与旅游扶贫效率耦合关系——以武陵山片区为例

以武陵山片区42个国家级贫困县（市、区）为案例地,综合运用SBM模型、改进的熵值法与耦合协调模型,揭示产业结构转型升级水平与旅游扶贫效率耦合协调关系的时空演化特征。结果表明:（1）武陵山片区整体及各分片区产业结构转型升级指数均呈波浪式变化,湖北片区、重庆片区以及武陵山片区整体的旅游扶贫效率呈上升态势,而湖南片区和贵州片区略有下降;（2）产业结构转型升级水平与旅游扶贫效率不耦合、不协调的县域单元主要集中在武陵山片区中部,数量逐年减少,实现耦合和协调的县域数量显著增加并向边缘地带形成集聚态势;（3）不耦合失调（类型1）向耦合协调（类型2）转变是核心转变路径,促使类型2的地区数量显著增多,并逐渐在研究区域边缘形成带状分布。研究可为集中连片特困地区产业结构优化升级和跨越贫困陷阱提供参考借鉴。     

A modular approach to Integrated Assessment modeling

In this paper, we present a new approach to model coupling that probably forms the methodological basis of a new generation of Integrated Assessment models. This approach respects the knowledge and expertise that is embodied in existing models and encourages their gradual evolution. Modularity is the guiding principle. Our approach is distinguished by the way modules are coupled which is based on an interplay of a job control module, a numerical coupling module, and a couple of stand-alone functional modules. The numerical coupling module - the core component - serves to treat the feedbacks between the functional modules. A first implemented example that couples an economic and a climate module by means of a two-phase meta-optimization is presented here. The algorithm and mathematical structure behind are discussed as well as important features such as convergence behavior and reliability.     

A Metamodeling Approach for Integrated Assessment of Air Quality Policies

A method is proposed to build integrated models (also called Metamodels) aimed at quantifying the economic efficiency of air quality policies. This Metamodeling approach is based on the coupling of two complementary models, that operate at different scales in space and time, and which represent the economic and the physical and chemical processes, respectively. The joint consideration of the physico-chemical and techno-economic structure of the pollution control problems permits a comprehensive evaluation of air pollution abatement strategies. The motivating pollution control problems include urban-regional air quality management through efficient energy and traffic control policies. A pilot study, exploiting data collected in the Geneva canton (Switzerland), is used to demonstrate the potential of the approach.     

Biodegradability: An assessment of commercial polymers according to the Canadian method for anaerobic conditions

The degradation of several biodegradable polymers was measured as a result of exposure to an anaerobic medium. The polymers investigated included materials based upon polylactic acid, polylactone, and poly(hydroxy butyrate/valerate) as well as those incorporating starch-based materials. The degradation was monitored by methane and carbon dioxide evolution. In addition, the physical and chemical changes were noted as a result of exposure. These measurements included changes in mass, dimension, and molecular weight. FTIR, UV-vis, proton, and¹³C NMR spectra were also recorded prior to and after exposure. The results clearly indicated that several biological and chemical degradation processes were occurring with the biodegradable polymers studied.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.Issued as NRCC No. 37549.     

环境伦理·生态文明·环境政策取向

环境伦理是一个伴随人类文明发展历程的社会主题。由于人类缺乏对生态文明、环境伦理、环境道德的合理吸纳,造成愈演愈烈的生态恶果。人类文明正处于历史转折点,必须对传统人类文明加以辩证之否定,融物质文明、精神文明、生态文明于一体,通过提供理性制度安排、调整利益分配格局来规范人类的道德伦理观念。