井下光谱多参数分析系统开发

本系统基于气体浓度光学分析方法理论朗伯-比尔(Lambert-Beer)定律、光谱气体检测技术开发,实现了对煤矿火灾与瓦斯灾害超前预警、灾害产生的有毒有害气体实时监测和煤矿环境气体爆炸危险性辨识,对于煤矿灾害防治、救灾过程中杜绝次生灾害,保障煤矿工人及救护队员的生命安全,促进煤矿安全生产具有重要意义。     

矿热炉炉壳安装作业危险性分析

为减少事故损失,必须对矿热炉安装施工危险源进行分析。基于此,对矿热炉安装工序中最重要工序炉壳安装应用作业危险性分析进行分析。将炉壳安装作业分成3大部分,用鱼刺图分析方法进行分析,总结出矿热炉炉壳安装中事故发生的主要原因并提出对策措施,以预防和减少事故的发生。     

A modified computer hazard and operability study procedure

The application of modifications of the hazard and operability study method (Hazop) to process facilities using computer-based control systems has led to the development of computer Hazop (Chazop) procedures. A number of the Chazop procedures cited in the literature broaden the method and depart from the base documentation of the Hazop method. It is suggested that a robust Chazop method requires implementation at the line-by-line level of detail and as a separate, complementary study using the same base documentation (piping and instrumentation diagrams) as that used in the Hazop method.     

云南省利用水泥回转窑处置危险废物的前景

利用独特的设备和水泥窑的工艺特点,用废物代替水泥生产中的原材料,合理处置危险废物,使环境治理和循环经济达到有效的结合,是一项废物处理和资源化的新途径,是水泥生产企业可持续发展的方向之一,具有广阔的发展前景。     

Community response to hazard information

The impact of flood hazard information on public acceptance of a selected flood mitigation strategy was assessed by an analysis of the content of newspaper reports of community reaction and letters to the editor. The impact of personal delivery of a flood hazard map on individual perception of risk and attitude to such information was assessed using personal interviews. The results indicated that media coverage of the flood hazard information reduced public criticism of the works. This result must be partially attributable to the dramatic style of media coverage and the fact that the media only emphasized the positive value of the works. The interview demonstrated that personal delivery of the information raised perception of risk, improved comprehension of flood risk, had no impact on acceptability of risk but discouraged some respondents from seeking such information in the future. Factors to explain the last negative change were identified to be the format of the map sheet and low salience of flood hazard. On the basis of all results, methods to improve community response to hazard information are provided.     

1995年世界重要地震灾情及地震活动特征

1995年全世界发生197次6级以上地震，其中有30次7级以上的地震（最大震级8．1级）。具有灾害性的地震为33次，伤亡20人以上的，国内及边界地区为4次，国外有15次，其中有2次灾难性的大地震。该年地震与1994年相比呈明显增强趋势，为本世纪以来第三个强震最多之年。1995年世界地震灾害的主要特点为地震袭击现代化大城市，造成惨重的人员伤亡，惊人的财产损失数额。     

HISTORICAL TRENDS IN SEDIMENTATION RATES AND SEDIMENT PROVENANCE,FAIRFIELD LAKE,WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA1

Sedimentation rates and sediment provenance were examined for lacustrine sediments deposited in Fairfield Lake, western North Carolina, during the past 111 years. Stratigraphic, radionuclide, and cartographic data indicate that sedimentation rates have increased several fold during the past three decades in response to localized development. The magnitude of increased sedimentation was surprising given limited development within the basin: 0.12 to 0.68 buildings/ha in 2000 in those parts directly delivering sediment to the dated cores. Thus, the analysis illustrates the potential sensitivity of watersheds in the southern Appalachians to changes in land cover. An approach that combined geochemical fingerprinting with sediment mixing models was subsequently evaluated to determine its ability to accurately estimate the contribution of sediment from (1) major bedrock formations that underlie the watershed and (2) potential sources associated with four land cover categories. Sediment sources in both analyses proved difficult to geochemically fingerprint to greater than 90 percent accuracy using data on acid‐soluble metals and selected isotopes of lead (Pb). The relative contributions of sediment from delineated sources, estimated by the mixing models, generally corresponded with known temporal and spatial patterns of land cover. However, the models were plagued by two significant problems — the chemical alteration of sediments as they were transported through upland streams to depositional sites within the lake and the loss of elemental mass. Thus, future investigations using the fingerprinting approach in this area of intense weathering, and presumably others, will need to modify the existing methods to more accurately elucidate changes in sediment provenance related to development.     

聚氯乙烯电缆料老化前后的火灾危险性研究

利用微型燃烧量热计（MCC）、热重分析（TGA）、实时红外光谱（RTFTIR）以及热重-红外联用技术（TG-FT-IR）研究了PVC电缆料老化前后火灾危险性的变化。MCC结果表明,老化后的PVC的最大热释放速率增加了56.3%,总热释放量从10.6kJ/g增加到16.8kJ/g,点燃温度也由302℃提前到282℃。TG-FTIR和RTFTIR的分析结果显示,PVC的主要降解产物有水、碳氢化合物、二氧化碳和一氧化碳。PVC达到最大降解速率的温度约为240℃,与MCC、TG的结果相符合。PVC的裂解气体中包含CO2和CO,还有剧毒气体HCl。这些实验数据说明PVC材料在使用过程中火灾危险性加大,为老城区电气线路和设备的改造提供了理论依据和实验基础。     

电磁辐射职业危害及防护对策

科技飞速发展的今天,射频及微波技术已经广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域,这使得越来越多的从业人员在工作场所受到电磁辐射污染的影响。本文总结归纳了我国电磁辐射职业危害状况,分析了现代企业电磁辐射防护的新特点,并提出企业电磁辐射防护对策。     

有机磷酸酯诱导迟发性神经毒性及其对神经毒性酯酶（NTE）活性影响的动态研究

以成年产卵来航母鸡为试验动物，研究了三甲基苯基磷酸酯（Ｔｒｉ－ｏ－ＣｒｅｓｙｌＰｈｏｓ－ｐｈａｔｅ，ＴＯＣＰ）诱导的迟发性神经毒性．试验发现，母鸡口服ＴＯＣＰ（７５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）后，经过大约８－１０ｄ的潜伏期开始出现中毒症状，其表现为以步态失调为主要特征的运动障碍呈进行性加重，至第２１ｄ开始便发展为瘫痪，对鸡脑神经病损靶标酯酶（ＮｅｕｒｏｐａｔｈｙＴａｒｇｅｔＥｎｚｙｍｅ，ＮＴＥ）活性的测定表明，有机械诱导的迟发性神经毒性（Ｏｒｇａｎｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ－ＩｎｄｕｃｅｄＤｅｌａｙｅｄＰｏｌｙｎｅｕｒｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＯＰＩＤＰ）与ＮＴＥ活性抑制之间的关系不平行，其毒性症状的轻重与ＮＴＥ活性被抑制的强弱也不呈正相关，很可能，在给药后２４ｈ，体内ＯＰＩＤＰ已被触发，此外，实验观察到给予ＴＯＣＰ后被试鸡的体重明显下降。