敌敌畏在颗粒物上吸附的支配因素

研究了敌敌畏在颗粒物(呼和浩特土壤和黄河水体沉积物)上的吸附行为,探讨了颗粒物性质如有机质含量、粘粒含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)、pH值和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响。结果表明:敌敌畏在2种颗粒物上的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律,可用Freundlich等温式描述,吸附常数Kd为5. 822 0和11. 738 8;颗粒物性质与吸附常数的相关分析发现:支配敌敌畏在颗粒物上吸附的主要因素是有机质含量、pH值和离子强度,随着pH值的增加和离子强度的降低,敌敌畏在2种颗粒物上的吸附量增大。     

Chronotoxicological studies on dichlorphos in mice and humans

Chronotoxicological studies were performed with dichlorphos (DDVP) and its timing toxic effects on mice and humans. The circadian rhythms were revealed in the blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity in intact mice and normal persons, as well as in mice mortality treated at different daily times. The inverse relationship of the two rhythm suggested that the risk of exposure to DDVP might be much higher at evening hours than in other clocks of the day, and the disappearance of the ChE rhythms in DDVP-treated mice and DDVP-exposed workers implicated a disturbing effect of DDVP on the maintenance and regulation of the rhythmic mechanisms.     

敌敌畏在土壤中吸附特性的研究

研究了敌敌畏在2种土壤(东胜土壤和杭锦2#土)中的吸附特性,观察了土壤的性质如w(有机质),w(粘粒),CEC,pH和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响.结果表明:敌敌畏在2种土壤中的吸附过程符合一级动力学规律,可用线性等温式描述,分配常数Kd分别为0.119 0和0.369 3 mL/g;敌敌畏在杭锦2#土中的吸附量比较大,在东胜土壤中的吸附速率比较快.土壤性质与分配常数的相关分析发现:支配敌敌畏在土壤中吸附的主要因素是pH和离子强度,随着pH的增加和离子强度的降低,敌敌畏在2种土壤中的吸附量增大.      

敌敌畏,马拉硫磷在烟叶中残留量的测定

本文采用气相色谱法，用一根色谱柱，利用程序升温分析测定烟叶中敌敌畏，马拉硫磷农药残留量，该法的最低检出浓度敌敌畏为０．０２ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，马拉硫磷为０．０１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，平均加标回收纺率为８７－１０２％，变异系数２．５７－４．６％。