重金属离子对肺表面活性物质单层膜的影响

为了探究重金属对肺表面活性物质（PS）膜的影响,利用Langmuir–Wilhelmy膜天平,研究了不同种类和浓度的重金属离子与PS单层膜的相互作用.发现Cr³⁺、Cu²⁺、Hg²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺6种重金属离子均使PS单层的π-A等温线G-LE相变阶段外扩,而Fe³⁺可诱导单层缩合.随后,选取Cd²⁺,Cu²⁺,Hg²⁺,Fe³⁺4种离子进一步探究了重金属浓度对PS单层膜表面活性的影响规律,进行了可压缩模量分析,并结合红外光谱（FTIR）和原子力显微镜（AFM）探究其作用机理,发现Cu²⁺,Fe³⁺和Hg²⁺均会以浓度依赖的方式与PS单层的极性头部发生络合作用,形成复合物,改变膜的稳定性;而Cd²⁺的影响明显弱于其他3种金属离子,但也能使得PS单层有序性增强.     

4－AAP光度法测定污水中挥发酚的干扰规律研究及其应用

矿物油（原油、机油、柴油等）、苯胺、部分金属离子及ＣＩＯ－等物质对４－ＡＡＰ法测定污水中的挥发酚有干扰。本文采用标加干扰物的方法研究了各种干扰物质对挥发酚测定过程中的回收率的影响规律，得到总回收率Ｙ方程。由Ｙ值和４－ＡＡＰ法测定值ＣＤ可求得水样中挥发酚的实际含量ＣＴ（ＣＤ／Ｙ）。混和干扰物加标拟合实验结果的相对误差＜±５％。该方法测定实际水样的结果与４阶导数光谱法的结果基本吻合。本文是针对油矿区污水特点，提出的消除各种干扰挥发酚测定物质影响的研究方法。     

总有机碳测定仪的新用途──测气体中CO_2的研究

用ＴＯＣ总有机碳测定仪来鉴定污水和生活用水处理效果及污染指标是它的一项实际应用，而本义介绍的用来测定ＣＯ２则是一项开创性的工作。作者在对进口的ＴＯＣ仪使用的基础上研究了测定气体中总碳、总有机碳尤其是ＣＯ２问题，取得了较好的结果并应用到实际测定中。     

甲基紫褪色光度法测定电镀废水中微量的铜

研究了在HNO3介质 ,95℃沸水浴中 ,Cu2 + 催化过氧化氢氧化甲基紫褪色反应的适宜条件及影响因素 ,据此建立了动力学褪色光度法测定微量Cu2 + 的新方法。方法的线性范围为 0～ 12 0 μg L ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 2 88× 10 5L mol·cm ,最大吸收波长为 5 80nm ,方法的检出限为 1 79× 10 - 1 0 μg L。该法应用于电镀废水中铜的测定 ,结果令人满意。     

红外分光光度法测定石油类和动植物油

油是污染物达标排放总量控制项目之一，红外分光光度法较重量法、荧光分光光度法、紫外分光光度法测量油准确、可比，且标准油易制备。利用红外分光测油仪，严格控制空白值，做空白试验，能准确、快速的测定水中的石油类和动植物油。     

红外光度法测定石油类和动植物油常见问题探讨

根据石油类在波数为2930cm-1、2960 cm-1、3030 cm-1全部或部分谱带处有物征吸收的原理,采用红外光度测油仪和水样絮凝富集技术测定石油类、动植物油。     

红外和热分析联用在化工产品研究中的应用

运用实例论述了红外光谱分析与热分析联用在化工产品的产品开发和检测方面的应用。     

ACCURACY OF LAKE AND STREAM TEMPERATURES ESTIMATED FROM THERMAL INFRARED IMAGES1

Emitted thermal infrared radiation (TIR, λ= 8 to 14 μm) can be used to measure surface water temperatures (top approximately 100 μm). This study evaluates the accuracy of stream (50 to 500 m wide) and lake (300 to 5,000 m wide) radiant temperatures (15 to 22°C) derived from airborne (MASTER, 5 to 15 m) and satellite (ASTER 90 m, Landsat ETM+ 60 m) TIR images. Applied atmospheric compensations changed water temperatures by ?0.2 to +2.0°C. Atmospheric compensation depended primarily on atmospheric water vapor and temperature, sensor viewing geometry, and water temperature. Agreement between multiple TIR bands (MASTER ‐ 10 bands, ASTER ‐ 5 bands) provided an independent check on recovered temperatures. Compensations improved agreement between image and in situ surface temperatures (from 2.0 to 1.1°C average deviation); however, compensations did not improve agreement between river image temperatures and loggers installed at the stream bed (from 0.6 to 1.6°C average deviation). Analysis of field temperatures suggests that vertical thermal stratification may have caused a systematic difference between instream gage temperatures and corrected image temperatures. As a result, agreement between image temperatures and instream temperatures did not imply that accurate TIR temperatures were recovered. Based on these analyses, practical accuracies for corrected TIR lake and stream surface temperatures are around 1°C.     

Research on the evolvement of morphology of coking coal during the coking process

The evolvement of morphology and structure of the coal with different metamorphic degrees during coking process in the vertical furnace was investigated by infrared Image detector. Moreover, the temperature distribution in the radial direction and the crack formation were also studied in heating process. The results show that the amount of crack and the shrinkage level of char decrease with the coal rank rising. In addition, the initial temperature of crack formation for char increases with the coal rank rising.     

2-丁烯醛生产废水中溶解性有机物的分级解析

采用超滤膜法将2-丁烯醛生产废水中的有机物分为相对分子质量不同的7个级分,并应用溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、紫外吸收光谱(ultraviolet spectrum,UV)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FT-IR)和气相色谱/质谱联用仪(gas chromatography with mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对不同相对分子质量区间的有机物所占比例及物质结构进行了研究.结果表明,废水中相对分子质量1×103的有机物所占比例最高,达到88.57%;采用GCMS对废水中相对分子质量1×103的级分进行分析,定性出27种化合物,包含醛、酮、酯、醇、酚、酸、烷烃类及其他苯系物等,其峰面积占有机物峰面积总和的比例分别为6.9%、5.3%、35.4%、13.2%、4.6%、0.4%、1.7%、16.8%,总和为84%.UV和FT-IR分析结果均显示不同相对分子质量区间的光谱吸收特征没有明显差别,级分中存在含有不饱和双键、羟基、羰基化合物及芳香族化合物,与GC-MS检测结果相吻合.研究结果为废水处理工艺的开发与优化提供了重要的指导作用.