织物干洗的工业生态研究

正确评价干洗剂对人体的毒副作用，合理地设定干洗过程挥发性有害物质的残留限量，是开发干洗业环境无害技术和绿色服务的先决条件。只有在充分保证环境安全的前提下，通过逐步推行化学清洁产品的总体选择战略，从环境管理和经济发展的结合上来规范企业的环境行为，才能最终实现干洗业的可持续发展。     

WJ-R01干膜耐磨自润滑涂料在某枪械上的应用

概述了干膜润滑涂层的原理。研制的WJ-R01干膜耐磨自润滑涂层具有耐磨减摩自润滑性能突出,耐腐蚀性能优异,能适应海洋大气环境等特点。介绍了其组成、理化性能,以及应用施工等情况。在兵器某枪械上应用效果良好。     

转炉煤气净化回收技术发展现状

介绍了氧气转炉煤气的干法和湿法净化回收技术的发展现状,着重二者的技术经济比较,阐述干法(LT法)的发展优势.     

Plant steroid hormones produced under Ni stress are involved in the regulation of metal uptake and oxidative stress in Brassica juncea L

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in the amelioration of various biotic and abiotic stresses. With an aim to explore the role of BRs under heavy metal stress, plants of Brassica juncea L. were grown in pots. The plants were subjected to various concentrations of Nickel metal (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM) and harvested on 60th day in order to observe the expression of these hormones. The isolated BRs from the leaves of Brassica plants characterized by GC-MS include 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL), Castasterone, Dolicholide and Typhasterole. The effect of isolated 24-EBL was studied on Ni metal uptake and antioxidative defense system in 60 d old plants of Brassica. It was observed that 24-EBL significantly increased the activities of stress ameliorating enzymes and lowered the metal uptake in plants. This is the first report in B. juncea L. plants showing the expression of BRs under metal treatments and effect of the isolated 24-EBL on metal uptake and in oxidative stress management.     

干/湿混法对中温SCR催化剂碱土金属中毒的影响

为探究碱土金属中毒规律以及中毒方法对中毒的影响,采用干混法和湿混法模拟CaO和MgO对商业催化剂的中毒过程。研究中毒后催化剂脱硝特性的改变及差异,并对催化剂中毒前后催化剂物理、化学性能变化进行探究。结果表明：湿混法模拟SCR催化剂中毒后脱硝效率的降低大于干混法;模拟中毒实验应该采用干混法;湿混法对于催化剂比表面积、孔径分布、表面V5+含量以及化学吸附氧的不利影响强于干混法;CaO对催化剂脱硝效率的降低大于MgO。2种中毒方法的对比研究为延长催化剂寿命提供了理论依据。     

密闭铁合金电炉煤气干法净化技术

阐述了密闭铁合金电炉煤气干法净化的目的和意义,介绍了铁合金煤气干法净化新工艺和主要设备,强调了煤气干法净化系统操作要点。运行试验表明,该干法工艺净化效率高,节能40%以上,节水90%,是未来铁合金煤气净化的主流技术。     

大气氮磷沉降量分析——以杭州北里湖为例

为更好地了解大气氮磷沉降量的影响因素及其对水环境的影响,采用自制采样器,对杭州北里湖2011年4月-2012年2月大气氮、磷的总、湿沉降进行采集,并通过对干、湿沉降量的计算,探讨了大气干、湿沉降中TN、TP、NH4+-N和NO3--N的变化趋势.结果表明,因秋季利于沉降而不利于扩散,夏季降水多,各物质的干沉降量表现出秋季高、夏季低的特点,湿沉降量则夏季较高.TN干沉降以NH4+-N为主,其干沉降量与气温、气压及降水量有关,而NO3--N干沉降量与风速有关;大气湿沉降量除NO3--N外,TN、TP和NH4+-N与降水量均呈现出较强的相关性,相关系数分别为0.882、0.700和0.827.在研究期间,TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N以湿沉降为主,TP以干沉降为主;北里湖大气总沉降的入湖TN量为4 503.74kg/km2,TP为100.14 kg./km2,入湖的TN/TP比值高达45,远超出正常水平,这对北里湖水体的富营养化产生了严重影响.     

The inhibitory combustion reaction performance and tail gas analysis of composite ultra-fine dry powder extinguishing agent containing different additives

For lack of an extinguishing agent with high-efficiency, non-toxic and environmentally friendly, a new type of extinguishing agent was fabricated to solve such an urgent problem. In this study, the zinc borate (ZB) and ferrocene (Fe(Cp)₂) were utilized as two additives for extinguishants to suppress combustion reaction and the toxicity of the tail gas was detected. The mass fraction of ZB corresponding to the optimal inhibitory effect was determined to be 0.5–1.5%, by contrast, the optimum interval of Fe(Cp)₂ was detected as 0.5–1.0%. Similarly, with the increasing proportion of the two additives, the homologous inhibitory action was gradually weakened. From the perspective of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was indicated that the ZB accelerated the pyrolysis process of the extinguishant, making its thermal decomposition process more thoroughly. Meanwhile, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that the decomposition efficiency was markedly improved when the amount of ZB was maintained at 0.5–1.5%. Besides, the tail gas tests were implemented to assess the extent of toxic and harmful properties. In terms of the carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) generated, once the mass fraction of ZB and Fe(Cp)₂ was less than 1.5% and 1.0% respectively, the concentration of CO and CO₂ was distinctly lower than that without additives. Moreover, the inhibitory ability on nitrogen oxides (NOx) was enhanced when the mass fraction of the two additives was kept below 1.0%. The results confirmed that a more practical extinguishant was proposed and it can provide guidance for the application and development of extinguishants.     

福建省兴化湾大气重金属的干湿沉降

在兴化湾周围采集1年的大气颗粒物及降雨样品,测定分析了Cd,Pb,Zn和Cu 4种重金属的含量及其大气干湿沉降通量随季节的变化规律,并利用Pb同位素对大气颗粒物的来源进行了解析.结果表明:大气重金属的干沉降通量随季节变化不大,而湿沉降通量随季节变化明显.大气干沉降通量中,Cd,Cu随季节变化很小,而Pb,Zn有一定的季节变化,主要是因为降雨对大气颗粒物的去除作用.大气湿沉降通量中,所有重金属元素受降雨量影响显著,另外还与季节和风速有关.除Pb外,Cd,Zn和Cu的湿沉降通量均大于干沉降通量,说明湿沉降在大气对兴化湾重金属的输入过程中起主导作用.而Pb的输入则以颗粒态为主.根据Pb稳定同位素分析,兴化湾大气颗粒物中的重金属主要来源于工业活动.      

中试条件下稻秸干法厌氧发酵搅拌方式的优化

针对秸秆类农业废弃物干法厌氧发酵过程中易产生物料分层、表面结垢以及存在“死角”等问题,通过改进横卧推流式中试厌氧反应器搅拌工艺,探索了连续运行条件下机械搅拌、前端气动搅拌和全程气动搅拌等3种单一搅拌方式对稻秸干法厌氧发酵产气规律、底物降解特性及系统稳定性的影响,并通过进一步设置不同的搅拌频次优化了机械搅拌和前端气动搅拌组合工艺,综合考察了发酵效率和能源消耗情况。结果表明,在单一搅拌工艺条件下,稻秸干法厌氧发酵40 d总产气量呈现出“机械搅拌>前端气动搅拌>全程气动搅拌”的规律,分别为75.5、66.5和61.9 m³,对应的单位VS产气量分别为441.9、389.3和362.3 L·kg⁻¹,这说明采用改进型框型叶片的机械搅拌可有效翻动物料,以促进其与发酵液的充分接触。在进一步优化“机械+前端气动”的组合搅拌工艺后发现,稻秸40 d产气量与单一机械搅拌模式较为接近,尤其是“机械搅拌(每天4次)+前端气动搅拌(每天4次)”的组合搅拌方式,单位VS产气量高达447.2 L·kg ⁻¹,纤维素和半纤维素降解率分别可达14.9%和15.1%;但从能源损耗角度来看,“机械搅拌(每天2次)+前端气动搅拌(每天4次)”的组合搅拌方式中能耗最低,仅为单一机械搅拌方式能耗的约40%。在稻秸干法厌氧发酵工程实际运行过程中,可根据厌氧发酵效率和能耗节省需求,因地制宜地选择合适的组合搅拌工艺。本研究结果可为木质纤维素类废弃物干法厌氧发酵工程中的搅拌方式改进提供参考。