中国灾害的军事救援及其机制研究

中国是一个灾害频繁的国家。灾害造成了巨大的直接、间接经济损失和人员伤亡，对社会经济发展产生了严重的影响。中国的具体国情和人民解放军的特殊性质，决定了军事救援历来在中国的灾害救援中具有不可替代的地位，发挥着突击队和生力军的作用。由于客观上存在着一些制约因素，使得军事救援的实施效率受到了一定程度的影响，未能得到最大限度的发挥。因此，必须尽快建立适应新时期军队执行抢险救灾任务需要的军事救援机制。     

布袋式除尘器在电厂输煤系统上的应用

针对胜利电厂皮带输煤系统粉尘浓度高、污染环境、影响职工身体健康的问题，用布袋式除尘器替代原有的静电除尘器，并对布袋除尘器辅助系统进行了多处改进和完善，提高了运行的可靠性。投运后粉尘质量浓度由原来的18．3mg／m^3降低至1．68mg／m^3，除尘效率达到了98％以上。     

云南粉土的动力特性试验研究

粉土是一种具有特殊工程性质的土,由粉土液化引起的工程震陷造成的危害极大。根据云南粉土的室内共振柱试验,得到了归一化处理后的G/Gm ax~γ/rγ和D~γ曲线,并运用修正后的双曲线模型进行了拟合分析。根据室内振动三轴试验,得出不同固结比和不同固结压力下的土的动强度与振动次数的试验曲线,发现动强度与破坏振次间符合较好的乘幂关系,动强度与固结比之间符合较好的二次抛物线关系;分析不同围压下孔压与破坏振次的试验曲线规律,发现可以用指数函数进行拟合。结果可供该类土的动力特性研究参考。     

Nutrient transfer functions: the site of integration between feeding behaviour and nutritional physiology

Summary. We describe and extend a graphical approach to quantitative nutrition that focuses on the interplay between behavioural and physiological components of nutritional regulation. The site of integration is the nutrient transfer function, which is the function describing the time course of nutrient transfer between serially connected nutritional compartments (e.g., from the gut to the blood). The relationship between the shape of the nutrient transfer function and the temporal patterns of feeding determines the values of two key quantitative parameters of nutrition: the rate ('power') and the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. The approach can be extended to consider, in addition to the short-term behavioural and physiological decisions made by animals, some ecological determinants and longer-term, life history consequences of such decisions. Most importantly, this category of models can provide insights into the interplay among the various nutrients in an animal's diet. We illustrate this using hypothetical examples, and also present preliminary data for the power-efficiency relationships of protein and digestible carbohydrates in locusts. Finally, we consider existing evidence for the various means available to these and other insects for regulating such relationships. Received 24 September 1997; accepted 9 December 1997.     

重复碰撞载荷下加筋板结构的动态响应研究

目的 探究船体加筋板结构在受到重复碰撞载荷作用下塑性变形的累计趋势,分析加筋板主要参数对损伤演化过程的影响,揭示高速、重复冲击下船体加筋结构的变化机理。方法 以一纵三肋加筋板为研究对象,建立基于能量法的刚塑性加筋板动态变形计算方法,以及基于Johnson-Cook本构关系的数值模拟方法,开展不同板架厚度、冲击能量以及冲击尺寸等参数对加筋板变形演化影响的研究。结果 对比分析了理论模型和数值方法,获得了不同参数下的加筋板的结构损伤演化规律。结论 理论解和数值解较为吻合。冲击能量增加后,加筋板的塑性变形量、塑性变形累积速度也随之增加。载荷集中程度越大,对于碰撞边界的破坏效应越大。     

实行年度目标考核是促进监测工作发展的有效方法

实行年度目标责任制考核 ,为监测站的改革和发展找到了一条有效途径。文章通过对年度目标考核责任制的方式、方法及实施后所取得成效的介绍 ,为监测站的改革与发展提供了借鉴     

The Influence of Anchor Devices on the Performance of Retractable Type Fall Arresters Protecting Against Falls From a Height

Retractable type fall arresters are part of the equipment used for protecting people against falls from a height. They are an intermediate part between full body harness worn by a man and the structural anchor at the worksite. The most important task of retractable type fall arresters is to arrest people’s falls and to reduce their harmful consequences. Information received from users as well as laboratories testing protective equipment indicates that the performance of such equipment is incorrect under specific conditions. The paper is concerned with an analysis of the conditions in which retractable type fall arresters demonstrate intermittent performance and with an explanation of that phenomenon. The results of tests investigating anchor devices and the performance of retractable type fall arresters are presented. External and internal factors contributing to intermittent performance have been determined and guidelines for safer use of these devices have been developed.     

基于完全因素分解法的能源效率影响因素研究

“十二五”是我国全面建成小康社会的关键阶段,又由于环境和资源禀赋方面的制约,提高能源效率成为我国经济和社会发展的内在需求.从能源强度的角度出发,分析了我国产业结构和能源效率现状,采用完全因素分解法,从产业结构的角度人手对全国能源效率的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,技术因素是我国能源效率提高的主要推动力,第二产业对能源效率的影响远远大于第一和第三产业.     

基于模拟植物生长算法的快线公共车辆优化调度研究

公共车辆的运营优化调度能够很好的减少城市交通拥堵,缓解交通压力,保证多方面的利益。对乘客高峰期快线公共车辆的调度进行了研究。首先运用了三元组α/β/γ方法对问题进行了描述,将乘客高峰期快线车辆的调度描述为一类以最小化制造期和平均等待时间为目标,具有先入先出原则和机器适用限制的流水车间动态调度问题。并在此基础上建立了相应的数学模型;接着,运用模拟植物生长算法进行了算法设计;最后,用实际数据进行了数值仿真,结果证明该研究具有较高的理论及现实价值。     

水环境中铬的存在形态及迁移转化规律

综合评述了水环境中铬的存在形态、污染特征及其迁移转化规律的研究现状.水体中铬主要是三价和六价,存在形态分为溶解态、离子交换态、有机结合态、无机沉淀态、残留态,迁移转化过程主要是水解、沉淀、络合、吸附和氧化还原等.对铬在水体中迁移和转化过程的动力学模型进行了论述.