广州轨道交通三号线高速行驶条件下对安全限界的影响研究

给出了轨道交通车辆横向偏移量的计算方法 ,并应用列车 -线路动力耦合模型 ,分析了广州地铁三号线的安全限界变化问题。确定了当前按 80km/h行车速度设计的建筑限界能满足 13 0km/h行车速度的要求 ,限界尺寸不需改动可保证列车运行安全平稳     

裂变径迹方法在大地构造学中的一些应用

文章介绍了近年来地学工作者利用锆石、磷灰石的裂变径迹技术在造山带、构造盆地、大型断裂方面的研究成果。裂变径迹技术可给出岩石冷却年龄、时间 -温度演化轨迹 ,并用之探讨不同构造区的构造隆升时间、强度、活动分布模式以及演化规律。所列事实说明裂变径迹技术能为重塑上地壳大地构造活动模式、演化历史提供有益帮助     

裂变径迹定年方法的研究现状及存在的问题

简要介绍了裂变径迹定年的分析方法 ,实验技术 (包括单矿物分选、制片、抛磨、蚀刻及径迹测量技术 )的研究现状、存在的问题及发展趋势     

Last Glacial mammals in South America: a new scenario from the Tarija Basin (Bolivia)

The chronology, sedimentary history, and paleoecology of the Tarija Basin (Bolivia), one of the richest Pleistocene mammalian sites in South America, are revised here based on a multidisciplinary study, including stratigraphy, sedimentology, geomorphology, paleontology, isotope geochemistry, and ¹⁴C geochronology. Previous studies have indicated a Middle Pleistocene age for this classic locality. We have been able to obtain a series of ¹⁴C dates encompassing all the fossil-bearing sequences previously studied in the Tarija Basin. The dated layers range in age from about 44,000 to 21,000 radiocarbon years before present (BP), indicating that the Tarija fauna is much younger than previously thought. Glacial advances correlated to marine isotopic stages (MIS) 4 and 2 (ca. 62 and 20 ka BP, respectively) are also documented at the base and at the very top of the Tarija–Padcaya succession, respectively, indicating that the Bolivian Altiplano was not dry but sustained an ice cap during the Last Glacial Maximum. The results of this multidisciplinary study enable us to redefine the chronological limits of the Tarija sequence and of its faunal assemblage and to shift this paleontological, paleoclimatological, and paleoecological framework to the time interval from MIS 4 to MIS 2.     

抚仙湖沉积物重金属垂向分布及潜在生态风险评价

基于环境放射性核素210Pbex和137 Cs计年法确定抚仙湖北、中和南部三个沉积物柱芯的沉积年代,分析了各个柱芯近150年的重金属(Cr、Cu、Zn、As和Pb)的垂向分布特征,并用潜在生态风险指数法进行了潜在生态风险分析。结果表明,抚仙湖不同湖区沉积物重金属的垂向分布存在明显差异,其中Zn、As和Pb呈现整体向上增加的趋势,Cr和Cu分别呈现微波动变化和下降趋势。重金属元素之间相关性表明Zn、As和Pb具有较好的同源性,而Cr和Cu来源不同。重金属元素与营养盐TP之间呈较好的相关性,与TN和TOC则相关性较差或无相关性存在。潜在生态风险指数评价显示近150年来抚仙湖不同湖区沉积物重金属污染水平差异明显,其中北部和南部As是主要的生态风险贡献因子,而中部Cu是主要的生态风险贡献因子。抚仙湖中部和南部沉积物重金属总体处于中等生态风险,而北部沉积物重金属由中等上升为较高生态风险出现在20世纪90年代末期。     

江西星子镇沙岭沙山顶部一处红色砂层的粒度分析及释光年代研究

鄱阳湖作为我国最大淡水湖,其周边分布若干沙山。此前研究多认为这些沙山为风成堆积的产物。选取星子镇沙岭沙山顶部（吴淞高程约58.3 m）一处红色砂层（含泥质团块）为研究对象,开展粒度分析和释光测年,以进一步揭示其形成环境和年代。粒度结果为：（1）以中粗砂为主;（2）粒度分选性差;（3）频率分布曲线显示该红色砂层包含多峰;（4）概率累积曲线显示该红色砂层包含1个推移组分、2个跃移组分和4个悬移组分;（5）萨胡判别公式值均>-2.74。之后,对红色砂层下伏泥层、红色砂层和红色砂层上覆黄色砂层开展石英单颗粒释光测年,其年代分别为：(24.7±2.1) ka、(24.0±2.4) ka和(22.4±3.9) ka。研究表明该红色砂层虽然形成于MIS2阶段,但其不是干旱环境下的风成沉积砂层。     

BP神经网络在台风路径预报中的应用

利用前馈型BP神经网络模型,对发生于中国沿海的热带气旋的移动路径进行了预报应用研究.根据中国<台风年鉴>发布的每个台风过程记录,对预报试验的台风个例分别选取了经度、纬度、中心气压和最大风速等81个因子,由多元回归选取了其中相关性好的因子,进行网络的学习训练,在获取前24h间隔6h的4次台风信息的基础上,用来预报了台风未来24h,48h和72h的短期路径变化.将该方法预报结果与CLIPER模式预报结果进行了比较,结果表明,BP神经网络模式的预报精度比CLIPER模式的高.     

Degassing of H/He, CFCs and SF6 by denitrification: Measurements and two-phase transport simulations

The production of N₂ gas by denitrification may lead to the appearance of a gas phase below the water table prohibiting the conservative transport of tracer gases required for groundwater dating. We used a two-phase flow and transport model (STOMP) to study the reliability of ³H/³He, CFCs and SF₆ as groundwater age tracers under agricultural land where denitrification causes degassing. We were able to reproduce the amount of degassing (R² = 69%), as well as the ³H (R² = 79%) and ³He (R² = 76%) concentrations observed in a ³H/³He data set using simple 2D models. We found that the TDG correction of the ³H/³He age overestimated the control ³He/³He age by 2.1 years, due to the accumulation of ³He in the gas phase. The total uncertainty of degassed ³H/³He ages of 6 years (± 2 σ) is due to the correction of degassed ³He using the TDG method, but also due to the travel time in the unsaturated zone and the diffusion of bomb peak ³He. CFCs appear to be subject to significant degradation in anoxic groundwater and SF₆ is highly susceptible to degassing. We conclude that ³H/³He is the most reliable method to date degassed groundwater and that two-phase flow models such as STOMP are useful tools to assist in the interpretation of degassed groundwater age tracer data.     

无碴轨列车运行引起的环境振动影响评价

对遂渝高速铁路无碴轨道试验段客车运行引起的环境振动进行了现场实测,根据实验数据分析得知:环境振动强度随距离增大而减小,随车速增大而增大,但车厢数量对环境振动强度影响不明显;环境振动主要频率范围为30～120 Hz,距轨道距离、车速、车厢数量对振动主要频率影响不显著;在轨道两侧31.9 m处,速度超过104.7 km/h列车环境振动强度超过GB 10070-1988要求,须采取措施隔振。     

Distribution of radionuclides in the guano sediments of Xisha Islands, South China Sea and its implication

Several natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra and ¹³⁷Cs) in guano-phosphatic coral sediments and pure guano particles collected from Ganquan, Guangjin, Jinqing and Jinyin Islands of the Xisha archipelago, South China Sea, were analyzed. The Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) model and the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model were applied for age calculation. The average supply rate of ²¹⁰Pb was 126 Bq m⁻² a⁻¹, very close to the flux of northern hemisphere average (125 Bq m⁻² a⁻¹). The activities of anthropogenic radionuclides in the sediments were very low, indicating that human nuclear tests did not notably impact this region. The main source of radionuclides in the sediments was from atmospheric precipitation, and the organic matter derived from plant and produced by nutrient-rich guano could further enhance them.