Synergistic effects of Cu species and acidity of Cu-ZSM-5 on catalytic performance for selective catalytic oxidation of n-butylamine

In this work, a series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios (25, 50, 100 and 200) were synthesized and investigated in n-butylamine catalytic degradation. The n-butylamine can be completely catalytic degradation at 350°C over all Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts. Moreover, Cu-ZSM-5 (25) exhibited the highest selectivity to N₂, exceeding 90% at 350°C. These samples were investigated in detail by several characterizations to illuminate the dependence of the catalytic performance on redox properties, Cu species, and acidity. The characterization results proved that the redox properties and chemisorption oxygen primarily affect n-butylamine conversion. N₂ selectivity was impacted by the Brønsted acidity and the isolated Cu²⁺ species. Meanwhile, the surface acid sites over Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts could influence the formation of Cu species. Furthermore, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra was adopted to explore the reaction mechanism. The Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts are the most prospective catalysts for nitrogen-containing volatile organic compounds removal, and the results in this study could provide new insights into catalysts design for VOC catalytic oxidation.     

Effects of Na+ on Cu/SAPO-34 for ammonia selective catalytic reduction

Copper-exchanged chabazite (Cu/CHA) catalysts have been found to be affected by alkali metal and alkaline earth ions. However, the effects of Na⁺ ions on Cu/SAPO-34 for ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH₃-SCR) are still unclear. In order to investigate the mechanism, five samples with various Na contents were synthesized and characterized. It was observed that the introduced Na⁺ ion-exchanges with H⁺ and Cu^2 + of Cu/SAPO-34. The exchange of H⁺ is easier than that of isolated Cu^2 +. The exchanged Cu^2 + ions aggregate and form “CuAl₂O₄-like” species. The NH₃-SCR activity of Cu/SAPO-34 decreases with increasing Na content, and the loss of isolated Cu^2 + and acid sites is responsible for the activity loss.     

Mulberry-silkworm food chain--a templet to assess heavy metal mobility in terrestrial ecosystems

Assessment of the food chain mobility of heavy metals inthe natural ecosystem receives more attention nowadays. Inthe present study, mulberry-silkworm food chain has beenfocused as a templet to assess the biomobility of heavymetals in soil-higher plant-insect hierarchy. Both in thecase of Cd and Cu treatments, higher mobility wasobserved in the level-1 (soil–root) followed by level-3(leaf–larva), level-4 (larvae–faecal) and level-2(root–leaf). Consequently, roots accumulated more amountsof Cd and Cu, with a limited transport to the leaves.Among the two metals (Cd and Cu) tested, in the plant,the transfer potential of Cd exceeds that of Cu. Whereasin the case of leaf–larval transfer, Cu precedes overCd. Accumulation of Cd and Cu in all the levels (1–4)tested showed a concentration dependent increase, except inthe level 4 (larva–faecal) of Cd treatment where adeclining trend was noticed.     

金属铁还原降解2,4-二硝基甲苯的实验研究

研究了金属铁对2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)的还原降解情况.实验结果表明,2,4-DNT的还原降解与溶液初始pH值、初始浓度和溶解氧等因素有关.氯离子能消除金属铁的钝化现象.金属铁表面附载的铜对2,4-DNT的还原降解具有催化作用.     

植物多酚物质原位钝化污染土壤重金属的研究Ⅱ.对土壤Cu环境行为和生物活性的影响动态

通过室内好气培养和生物盆栽试验研究了缩合类植物多酚L和Y以及 8 羟基喹啉在污染红壤和潮土中的降解动态及其对土壤Cu环境行为的影响 .结果表明植物多酚在两周内降解相对较快 ,而 8 羟基喹啉则难以降解 .与空白相比 ,Cu污染土壤中施用植物多酚后土壤水溶性Cu显著下降 ,钝化Cu的效果次序为 :8 羟基喹啉 >多酚Y >多酚L .随着植物多酚的降解 ,土壤Cu被释出 ,其水溶性Cu浓度与残留在土壤中多酚浓度 (以DOC浓度表示 )呈负相关关系 ,尤其在潮土上更为明显 ,而pH与水溶性Cu没有相关性 .试验还发现 ,钝化剂施用后 ,小麦体内的Cu含量降低 ,因此 ,植物多酚是钝化重金属污染土壤的良好选择     

长江中下游海相三叠系膏盐层与铜(金)、铁矿床

长江中下游海相三叠系膏盖层中含有很大比例的大、中型铜（金）、铁、多金属矿床。膏盐层不仅是铜（金）、铁矿床的主要赋矿层位之一，而且是部分成矿金属的矿源层；膏盐层还为燕山期岩浆提供部分钠质、钾质及挥发组分，影响岩浆演化的方向，改变了含矿流体的性质；另外，从岩体和矿床中金属硫化物中流同位素重硫成分的增高，说明在成者、成矿过程中，膏盐层是硫的供应者之一。因此膏盐层与铜（金）、铁、多金属矿床之间存在着特殊的成因联系。     

铜、锌和锰抑制月形藻生长的毒性效应

运用评价化学品毒性藻类测试的标准实验方法，得到铜、锌和锰对月形藻生长的最小无显著差异浓度（LNOEC）分别为31.8μg/L、16.4μg/L和2.7mg/L，抑制月形藻生长的96h半效应浓度（96h-EC50)分别为199.5μg/L、38.0μg/L和12.6mg/L。实验结果表明无论从LNOEC还是从96h-EC50考虑，都证明抑制月形藻生长的毒性由大到小的顺序是锌＞铜＞锰。此结果对铜抑制藻类生长的毒性远远大于锌的毒性这一人们普遍认同的观点构成挑战。月形藻细胞壁表面可能含有较少的硫代基团但包含较多与锌有很强结合能力的官能团可能是导致月形藻对铜的敏感性弱而对锌敏感性强的主要原因。     

Indicators of sustainable production: framework and methodology

This paper presents a new tool for promoting business sustainability — indicators of sustainable production. It first introduces the concept of sustainable production as defined by the Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts Lowell. Indicators of sustainable production are discussed next, including their dimensions and desirable qualities. Based on the Lowell Center Indicator Framework, the authors suggest a new methodology of core and supplemental indicators for raising companies' awareness and measuring their progress toward sustainable production systems. Twenty-two core indicators are proposed and a detailed guidance for their application is included. An eight-step model provides a context for indicator implementation. The paper concludes with a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology as well as recommendations for testing the indicators.     

不同生长期的Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞对工业废水中Cu~(2+)的吸附

研究了不同生长阶段的Cu2 + 吸附细菌Pseudomonasputida 5 x对Cu2 + 的吸附容量 .结果表明在低硫培养基中 ,当P putida 5 x细胞生长刚进入对数生长期时 ,单位细胞对Cu2 + 的吸附溶量最低 .而当生长进入稳定生长期的后期或死亡期的早期时 ,单位细胞对Cu2 + 的吸附量最大 .实验结果还表明 ,高浓度的Cu2 + 对对数期细胞的吸附能力有一定的抑制 ,而对死亡期的细胞影响较小 .早期研究已证明细胞对重金属离子的吸附和细胞表面某些对重金属离子具有亲和性的功能基团 (如某些膜蛋白及羰基化合物 )有关 .利用透视电子显微镜观察了不同生长阶段的细胞表面结构及对铜离子的吸附效果 ,发现生长后期细胞表面吸附有较多的Cu2 + ,这表明生长后期的细胞表面可能含有较多的这类功能基团     

试论地震台站的组织结构和激励机制建设

本文对地震台站在新时期的台站管理进行了论述。指出在防震减灾基础建设的重要时期,地震台站的管理,首先需要转变管理理念,同时应完善组织结构建设,建立激励机制。这是完成中国地震局确定的《与时俱进、开拓创新,为全面实现地震台站的现代化而奋斗》重要工作之一。