When expressions of fake emotions elicit negative reactions: The role of observers' dialectical thinking

Fake displays of emotions are common in social and organizational settings. It is therefore important to understand their consequences. To reconcile mixed previous findings, we develop a model in which the consequences of expressing fake emotions depend on the observers' level of dialectical thinking, a cognitive style characterized by acceptance of inconsistencies. We propose that observers lower, but not higher, on dialectical thinking may infer that interaction partners who fake emotions are untrustworthy and, in turn, react negatively. We found support for our model in 2 studies. In a field fundraising experiment (Study 1), fundraisers who displayed fake (vs. genuine) happiness received smaller monetary donations and elicited lower intentions to volunteer from donors lower, but not higher, on dialectical thinking. In a laboratory negotiation experiment (Study 2), negotiators who displayed fake anger (vs. genuine anger or no emotion) were trusted less and received higher demands from counterparts lower, but not higher, on dialectical thinking. Trust mediated the moderating effect of dialecticism on the relation between fake anger (vs. genuine anger and no emotion) and demands. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings.     

城市污水处理项目BOT融资风险分析及保障措施

随着城市建设的飞速发展，城市生活污水和生产废水的排放量也在不断增大，加快城市污水治理工程项目建设已成为亟待解决的重大问题。城市污水处理项目属于城市基础设施，在具有极大社会效益和环境效益的同时，却基本没有经济效益。而污水处理项目的建设、运营都需要大量资金投入，实践证明BOT融资可以解决这一难题。通过对污水处理项目BOT融赍的风险进行分析和研究，提出切实可行的控制保障措施，为项目公司投资城市污水处理厂BOT项目提供决策依据。井为解决当前城市污水处理融资建设的难题提供思路。     

城市污水处理项目BOT融资风险分析及保障措施

随着城市建设的飞速发展,城市生活污水和生产废水的排放量也在不断增大,加快城市污水治理工程项目建设已成为亟待解决的重大问题.城市污水处理项目属于城市基础设施,在具有极大社会效益和环境效益的同时,却基本没有经济效益.而污水处理项目的建设、运营都需要大量资金投入,实践证明BOT融资可以解决这一难题.通过对污水处理项目BOT融资的风险进行分析和研究,提出切实可行的控制保障措施,为项目公司投资城市污水处理厂BOT项目提供决策依据,并为解决当前城市污水处理融资建设的难题提供思路.