汞和两种农药复合污染对土壤转化酶活性的影响

通过模拟方法研究了豆磺隆,呋喃丹2种农药与重金属汞(Hg)单一及复合污染对草甸棕壤和黑土4个土壤转化酶活性的影响.结果显示,在试验浓度范围内,土壤添加豆磺隆和呋喃丹后,转化酶变化幅度分别为-12%～7%和-6%～7%,表明2种农药对土壤转化酶的毒性较小;Hg对转化酶最大抑制率为22%～35%,二者之间呈显著的对数负相关关系,表明Hg对转化酶的毒性较大,转化酶在一定程度上可作为Hg污染的监测指标,通过对数方程计算出4个土样的生态剂量(ED₅₀)分别为76.68,727.49,236.52,316.59mg/kg;Hg和2种农药之间普遍存在交互作用,豆磺隆与Hg复合污染引起土壤转化酶最大净变化量(△I)为对照的-12%～15%,呋喃丹和Hg为-25%～-6%,有机质对复合污染产生的毒性有明显的缓冲作用.     

Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.