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Kristina?D.?RothleyEmail author Charlene?Rae 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(2):107-113
In this paper we apply graph theory in a reserve selection exercise to explore the tradeoffs between maintaining connectivity and minimizing the total area of a protected area network. Rather than focus on a single organism, we used a multi-species approach and looked at the tradeoff curves for organisms with varying dispersal abilities. We first generated the tradeoff curves using a graph-based metric to determine the importance of individual patches for maintaining connectivity. We then performed an analogous set of analyses using patch size as a surrogate measure of importance. 相似文献
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港口煤炭码头大气降尘与总量控制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
提出了煤炭港口煤尘污染总量控制的方法 ,论证了港口大气降尘与煤尘污染的关系。运用平均数控制图的原理 ,解决控制港口煤尘污染的问题。 相似文献
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Applying network theory to prioritize multispecies habitat networks that are robust to climate and land‐use change
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Cécile H. Albert Bronwyn Rayfield Maria Dumitru Andrew Gonzalez 《Conservation biology》2017,31(6):1383-1396
Designing connected landscapes is among the most widespread strategies for achieving biodiversity conservation targets. The challenge lies in simultaneously satisfying the connectivity needs of multiple species at multiple spatial scales under uncertain climate and land‐use change. To evaluate the contribution of remnant habitat fragments to the connectivity of regional habitat networks, we developed a method to integrate uncertainty in climate and land‐use change projections with the latest developments in network‐connectivity research and spatial, multipurpose conservation prioritization. We used land‐use change simulations to explore robustness of species’ habitat networks to alternative development scenarios. We applied our method to 14 vertebrate focal species of periurban Montreal, Canada. Accounting for connectivity in spatial prioritization strongly modified conservation priorities and the modified priorities were robust to uncertain climate change. Setting conservation priorities based on habitat quality and connectivity maintained a large proportion of the region's connectivity, despite anticipated habitat loss due to climate and land‐use change. The application of connectivity criteria alongside habitat‐quality criteria for protected‐area design was efficient with respect to the amount of area that needs protection and did not necessarily amplify trade‐offs among conservation criteria. Our approach and results are being applied in and around Montreal and are well suited to the design of ecological networks and green infrastructure for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in other regions, in particular regions around large cities, where connectivity is critically low. 相似文献
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Ghosh R Joad J Benes I Dostal M Sram RJ Hertz-Picciotto I 《Environment international》2012,39(1):96-102
Acute respiratory infections are common in children below 5 years and recent studies suggest a possible link with air pollution. In this study, we investigated the association between ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx) and bronchitis or upper airway inflammation.This longitudinal study was conducted in Teplice and Prachatice districts, Czech Republic. Children were followed from birth to 4.5 years of age. Data were compiled from medical records at delivery and at follow up, and from self-administered questionnaires from the same two time points. Air pollution monitoring data were used to estimate exposure over five different averaging periods ranging from three to 45 days prior to an episode. To quantify the association between exposure and outcome, while accounting for repeated measure correlation we conducted logistic regression analysis using generalized estimating equations.During the first 2 years of life, the adjusted rate ratio for bronchitis associated with interquartile increase in the 30-day average NOx was 1.31 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.61] and for two to 4.5 year olds, it was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.49). The 14-day exposure also had stable association across both age groups: below 2 years it was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.47) and for two to 4.5 years it was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.39). The association between bronchitis and NOx increased with child's age in the under 2 years group, which is a relatively novel finding.The results demonstrate an association between NOx and respiratory infections that are sufficiently severe to come to medical attention. The evidence, if causal, can be of public health concern because acute respiratory illnesses are common in preschool children. 相似文献
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天津市城区暴雨沥涝仿真模拟系统的研究 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:11
天津市位于黄河水系尾闾,是我国北方重要的工业和港口城市。该市历史上一直遭受洪涝灾害的威胁,加之近几年市区范围不断扩大,不透水面积增加,排水能力远远不能适应城市的发展要求,城市沥涝问题日趋严重。为了掌握天津市暴雨沥涝的规律,减轻洪涝灾害对该市的影响,作者利用二维不恒定流水动力学模型和计算机信息管理及图形技术,采用Power Station Fortran 4.0和Visual Basic5.0编程语言,在Widows98环境下开发了天津市暴雨沥涝仿真模拟系统。该系统首次实现了从城市暴雨预报、监测到城市暴雨沥涝仿真模拟的研究, 不仅能够处理实时的不均匀的降雨信息,还能处理数值预报模型的预报降雨信息。系统的信息前后处理模块用图形方式管理仿真模型的各类信息,方便用户显示、查询和修改,使系统更加完整、实用。 相似文献
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目的 解决在进行复杂系统的可靠性建模以及预计时,计算效率低、容易出错的问题。方法 开展基于GO(Goal Oriented)法的复杂火工系统可靠性预计方法研究。建立不同种类火工组件的可靠性模型和算法,结合火工系统的GO图模型,对系统的可靠性进行预计以及定量分析。依据建立的可靠性模型以及算法,开发一套火工系统可靠性建模以及预计的软件,运用该软件对典型座椅弹射火工系统的可靠性进行预计,并且将软件计算结果与蒙特卡洛仿真方法得到的结果进行比较。结果 软件计算结果与蒙特卡洛仿真方法所得结果的最大相对误差不超过0.004 8%。结论 基于GO法的复杂火工系统可靠性预计方法是合理可行的,而且运用GO法开发的软件可以提高可靠性预计的计算效率,同时也为后续的 GO 图分析计算提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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Roads and Landscape Pattern in Northern Wisconsin Based on a Comparison of Four Road Data Sources 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Abstract: Roads are important components of landscapes; they fragment habitat, facilitate invasive species spread, alter hydrology, and influence patterns of land use. Previous research on the ecological impacts of roads may have underestimated their effect because currently available sources of road data do not include the full road network. We compared differences in road density and landscape pattern among U.S. Census Bureau TIGER line files, U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000-scale digital line graphs, and U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000-scale digital raster graphics in northern Wisconsin to road data derived from 1:40,000-scale digital orthophotos. Road density measured from digital orthophotos (2.82 km/km2 ) was significantly greater than that of digital raster graphics (1.62 km/km2 ) and more than double that of digital line graphs (1.21 km/km2 ) and TIGER (1.27 km/km2 ) data. The increased road densities in raster graphics and orthophoto data were mainly due to the addition of minor roads. When all roads were used to define patch boundaries, landscape metrics produced with orthophoto data showed significantly greater levels of fragmentation than those based on line or raster graphics. For example, maximum patch size was 1074 ha and total edge was 109 km for line graphs, compared with 686 ha and 211 km for orthophoto data. Roads are missing in commonly used data, primarily because mapping standards systematically exclude minor roads. These standards are not ecologically based and may result in false assumptions about the ecological effects of roads. We recommend that future studies take special consideration of the completeness of road data and consider whether all ecologically relevant roads are included. 相似文献
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