虹膜识别在肉类食品安全追溯系统中的应用及关键技术研究

为了提高大型动物肉类食品的安全性,在研究肉类食品供应链的安全管理的基础上,将大型动物的虹膜识别技术引入食品供应链管理中,构建基于虹膜识别的大型动物肉类食品安全可追溯系统,达到肉类食品安全信息查询及出现安全问题后的个体溯源的目的。借鉴人眼虹膜识别的相关技术,以牛眼为例对大型动物虹膜识别的相关算法和虹膜定位等关键技术进行研究,运用改进的Sobel算子对图像进行边缘检测;引入二次B样条曲线算法实现了牛眼虹膜的精确定位;分析牛虹膜纹理特征的分布特点,实现了虹膜特征区域的提取及归一化处理。研究成果对大型动物的虹膜识别研究和肉类食品供应链安全管理具有一定的参考意义。     

火炬松浆材建筑材林经营模型系统的研究

根据火炬松样地资料，建立火炬松林分生长模型、结构模型、商品材产量预估模型、营林措施(含间伐、施肥、整地、抚育等)效应模型及营林效益评估模型，构成火炬松纸浆材与建筑材林经营的模型系统，为火炬松纸浆材与建筑材林定向培育和优化决策提供了系列模型．     

A COMPARISON OF HAND- AND SPLINE-DRAWN PRECIPITATION MAPS FOR MOUNTAINOUS MONTANA1

ABSTRACT: Average annual precipitation for the period 1961–1990 was estimated for a mountainous region in Montana with a Laplacian thin-plate spline (ANUSPLIN) and compared to a hand-drawn map. Input data included latitude, longitude, and elevation from a three-arc-second U.S. Geological Survey Digital Elevation Model of the Bozeman and Billings 1 × 2 topographic quadrangles and precipitation data at 96 stations. The two maps are similar in appearance. Digital comparison of the two maps with ARC/INFO's Grid tools shows that mean annual precipitation for the hand-contoured map is 22.9 inches and for the ANUSPLIN map is 23.7 inches. Of the 5,760,000 cells, 53 percent showed no difference between ANUSPLIN and hand-drawn maps; 19 percent showed a two-inch difference, and 28 percent showed more than 2 inches difference. Input data and model output at the same location are not different (standard deviation 1.77, p-value 0.76). Hand-drawn maps show two inches more precipitation during the 1961–90 period than during the 1941–1970 period. Similarly, measured data at 73 sites for the period 1961–1990 are on average 2.4 inches higher than the same stations during the 1941–1970 period. The difference is significant (p-value > 0.0001).     

Adding virtual measuring stations to a network for urban air pollution mapping

Maps of pollutants concentration are usually generated by means of interpolation and extrapolation methods. The quality of the results depends mainly of the number of permanent or temporary measuring stations. This paper deals with a method for the virtual densification of the network of stations. The method creates "virtual measuring stations". It aims at improving the quality of interpolation by increasing the number of data on pollutant concentration. The virtual stations are determined by the means of a classification method applied to each pixel of the area under concern. Discriminating elements are pollutants emission classes, land cover types, urban morphological indicators created to this purpose and distance to major roads. A first implementation was made for particulate matter (PM) for the city of Strasbourg (France) using thin-plates spline interpolation method in Arcview 9 GIS. The relative Root Mean Square Error decreases from 49% for five input stations down to 15% for the virtual stations.     

基于水动力学的中小水库藻类生长模型及蓝藻暴发的模拟

应用PHREEQC软件建立了基于水动力学作用的温岭市太湖水库藻类生长模型。选用2007年度温岭市太湖水库总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的实测值,采用三次样条插值的方法估计出每一天的总磷、总氮、水温、叶绿素a的数值,对模型参数进行了率定和验证。将建立的模型应用于2009年温岭市桐岭水库水华暴发的模拟预测中,结果表明本文所建立的模型进行模拟运算精度较高,可以应用于中小型水库水华暴发的模拟预测方面。     

小模数渐开线花键滚轧轮的设计及制造

阐述了小模数渐开线花键的滚轧成形 ,滚轮的设计及制造。制造工艺采用线切割成形 ,工艺简单。     

三次样条函数插值计算博斯腾湖湖面面积和湖库库容

采用1966年博斯腾湖（简称博湖）湖底地形测量数据，进行三次作条函数插值，计算各湖面高程时的湖面面积和湖库库容。得出博湖湖面面积误差小于1Km2，湖库库容误差小于0.01×108m3。精确计算博斯腾湖的湖库库容是博斯腾湖水系环境保护和水利管理的可靠保证。     

某型装甲车底盘系统平衡肘断裂分析

目的 探讨平衡肘断裂原因,消除故障隐患和防止类似问题发生。方法 采用单反相机、扫描电镜、金相显微镜、硬度计、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪等对平衡肘故障件的宏观形貌、微观形貌、显微组织、硬度、化学成分等开展表征分析。利用ANSYS有限元软件对内花键进行应力分析,并对2次淬火的试样尺寸进行测量。结果 右4平衡肘裂纹源断口为撕裂和沿晶的混合断裂,断口芯部为解理断裂;右2平衡肘断口内表层淬火层为沿晶和韧窝的混合断裂,芯部为韧性断裂。故障件显微组织和化学成分均无明显变化,仅表面硬度值较实验前降低了7%~9%。断裂失效原因是由于内花键二次高频淬火后收缩变形,齿根圆弧部位在腐蚀介质和交变载荷的共同作用下因应力集中而形成裂纹,在后期循环应力作用下,裂纹继续扩展导致疲劳断裂。结论 从加强腐蚀控制和热处理的角度出发,通过选用抗腐蚀性能好的材料、进行表面防护处理、控制车体环境的湿度和温度等加强腐蚀控制,并增加采用电脉冲等方式对变形花键齿进行修形工序严格控制尺寸范围,避免产生过大拉应力,确保装备质量。     

Spatial distribution of soil heavy metal pollution estimated by different interpolation methods: accuracy and uncertainty analysis

Mapping the spatial distribution of contaminants in soils is the basis of pollution evaluation and risk control. Interpolation methods are extensively applied in the mapping processes to estimate the heavy metal concentrations at unsampled sites. The performances of interpolation methods (inverse distance weighting, local polynomial, ordinary kriging and radial basis functions) were assessed and compared using the root mean square error for cross validation. The results indicated that all interpolation methods provided a high prediction accuracy of the mean concentration of soil heavy metals. However, the classic method based on percentages of polluted samples, gave a pollution area 23.54-41.92% larger than that estimated by interpolation methods. The difference in contaminated area estimation among the four methods reached 6.14%. According to the interpolation results, the spatial uncertainty of polluted areas was mainly located in three types of region: (a) the local maxima concentration region surrounded by low concentration (clean) sites, (b) the local minima concentration region surrounded with highly polluted samples; and (c) the boundaries of the contaminated areas.