白腐真菌组合培养提高漆酶酶活的作用机制研究

采用白腐真菌组合培养的方式提高漆酶酶活,并对组合后菌株相互作用机制进行了研究.菌株55(Trametes trogii)和菌株m-6(Trametes versicolor)组合后漆酶酶活较菌株55和m-6分别提高了24.13倍和4.07倍;组合后菌株间不存在抑制作用;平板培养时,两菌株菌丝生长止于菌丝交界处,该处漆酶酶活最高并分泌褐色色素;液体培养时,菌株m-6对组合后漆酶酶活的提高起着更为重要的作用:向菌株55的培养物中添加菌块m-6,其酶活比向菌株m-6培养物中添加菌块55时的酶活高7.03倍,并且菌株m-6胞外物对菌株55的漆酶分泌也有明显的刺激作用,其中加入20 mL过滤灭菌胞外物可使菌株55漆酶酶活提高6.79倍,而且胞外物高温灭菌后仍能刺激菌株55的漆酶分泌,加入20mL后酶活比对照高4.60倍;Native-PAGE活性染色结果表明组合后同工酶种类未发生变化,但有3种同工酶的浓度升高.     

Effects of arsenic on seed germination and physiological activities in wheat seedlings

The effects of arsenic(As)were investigated on seed germination,root and shoot length and their biomass and some other factors to elucidate the toxicity of As.The results showed low concentrations of As(O-1 mg/kg)stimulated seed germination and the growth of root and shoot,however,these factors all decreased gradually at high concentrations of As(5-20 mg/kg).The contents Of O2-,MDA,soluble protein and peroxidase(POD)activity all increased with increasing As concentrations.Soluble sugar content,ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities decreased at low concentrations of As,and increased at high concentrations of As.While acetylsalicylic acid(ASA)and chlorophyll contents,catalase(CAT)activity displayed increasing trend when the concentrations of As was lower than 1 mg/kg,and then decreasing trend.By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE).As induced the expression of POD isozymes of wheat seedlings.As induced the expression of CAT isozymes but inhibited the expression of SOD isozymes of wheat seedlings at concentrations lower than 1 mg/kg.However,As inhibited the expression of CAT isozymes but induced the expression of SOD isozymes at concentrations higher than 5 mg/kg.The results indicated As could exert harmfulness in the early development stage of wheat at inappropriate concentrations.     

联苯胺对大鼠肝脏线粒体同工酶的影响

采用不同浓度的联苯胺(50,100,200mg/kg)对大鼠进行体内染毒,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析了大鼠肝脏线粒体SOD、GSH-Px、COX和Ca2+-ATPase同工酶的表达差异.结果表明,同工酶COX-L和ATPase-L只在50mg/kg低剂量浓度联苯胺处理组中特异表达.分析认为,低浓度联苯胺经体内代谢活化后,对大鼠肝脏线粒体COX-L和ATPase-L的表达具有诱导作用;当联苯胺浓度达到200mg/kg时,对SOD、GSH-Px、COX和Ca2+-ATPase同工酶的表达均产生明显的抑制作用.     

六氯苯对离体鱼肝线粒体抗氧化酶的作用

采用差速离心法从鲫鱼肝脏中提取线粒体,用不同浓度(0,2,4,8,16,32mg/L)六氯苯对其体外染毒30min.测定线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析其同工酶谱,并检测线粒体中丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果显示,SOD和GSH-Px活性及其同工酶的活性表达均呈现出低浓度六氯苯作用下被激活,高浓度六氯苯作用下被抑制的变化趋势.在高浓度六氯苯(32mg/L)作用下线粒体中MDA含量显著增加.说明六氯苯的毒性作用可能为一种自由基机制,即低浓度的六氯苯导致线粒体内活性氧自由基(ROS)生成量少量增加,SOD和GSH-Px及其同工酶活性由于氧化应激的诱导被激活;随着六氯苯浓度增加,线粒体内ROS生成量大量增加,并破坏了SOD和GSH-Px的抗氧化活性,导致其活力下降或丧失,自由基含量增加,线粒体脂质过氧化加剧.     

几种淡水鱼脑乙酰胆碱酯酶的动力学特性

以溴化硫代乙酰胆碱作为底物,测定了底物浓度、温度和pH值对麦穗鱼（_{Pseudorasbora parva}）、草金鱼（_{Carasiusauratus}）、尼罗罗非鱼（_{Tilapia nilotica}）、食蚊鱼（_{Gambusiaaffinis}）和虹鳟（_{Salmogairdneri}）等5种淡水鱼脑乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性的影响,并用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对脑AChE进行了分离。研究结果表明,除麦穗鱼和草金鱼外,其余各种鱼的脑AChE均有质的差异。因此,不宜通过AChE对一种抑制剂的敏感顺序,来推测对另一种抑制剂的敏感顺序。除AChE之外,鱼脑中还发现有其它类型的酯酶存在。它们在鱼脑中的生理学意义,特别是在决定抗性中所起的作用,还需做进一步研究。