非营养缺陷型原生质体融合选育角蛋白酶生产菌

以两性霉素B抗性作为标记,通过单株灭活,进行栖土曲霉种内非营养缺陷型原生质体融合.在40%的PEG(Mr＝6000)促融下,融合频率为1.62×10-5.连续传接10代后,获得稳定的融合子.对孢子体积、核DNA含量、生长速度进行了测定,并利用RAPD技术分析比较了亲本及融合子的基因组DNA指纹多态性,证明融合子为杂合二倍体,产角蛋白酶活力较亲本显著提高.图3表4参17     

Biological treatment of chicken feather waste for improved biogas production

A two-stage system was developed which combines the biological degradation of keratin-rich waste with the production of biogas. Chicken feather waste was treated biologically with a recombinant Bacillus megaterium strain showing keratinase activity prior to biogas production. Chopped, autoclaved chicken feathers (4%, W/V) were completely degraded, resulting in a yellowish fermentation broth with a level of 0.51 mg/mL soluble proteins after 8 days of cultivation of the recombinant strain. During the subsequent anaerobic batch digestion experiments, methane production of 0.35 Nm³/kg dry feathers (i.e., 0.4 Nm³/kg volatile solids of feathers), corresponding to 80% of the theoretical value on proteins, was achieved from the feather hydrolyzates, independently of the pre-hydrolysis time period of 1, 2 or 8 days. Cultivation with a native keratinase producing strain, Bacillus licheniformis resulted in only 0.25 mg/mL soluble proteins in the feather hydrolyzate, which then was digested achieving a maximum accumulated methane production of 0.31 Nm³/kg dry feathers. Feather hydrolyzates treated with the wild type B. megaterium produced 0.21 Nm³ CH₄/kg dry feathers as maximum yield.     

角蛋白酶产生菌的分离鉴定及其kerC的克隆表达

以四川农业大学养鸡场堆砌废弃羽毛处土壤为样品,筛选出一株具有较强降解羽毛能力的细菌B-3菌株.经形态学、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),命名为枯草芽孢杆菌B-3.并成功克隆到该菌株的角蛋白酶基因kerC(GenBank No.:JN021789),在大肠杆菌BL21(Escherichia coli BL21)中获得了高效表达.该基因全长1146bp,GC含量46.5%,编码381个氨基酸,与已报道的枯草芽孢杆菌YYW-1的kerC基因(GenBank No.: EU362730)同源性达到100%.重组菌株经IPTG诱导后角蛋白酶酶活力达14.8U/mL,经His-Tag纯化和SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组角蛋白酶分子量约为60kDa(融合了硫氧还蛋白,Trx).重组角蛋白酶最适反应温度和pH值分别为65℃与7.0.