武汉市幼儿园降尘Pb污染特征及其生物有效性

幼儿园降尘铅污染是儿童对环境铅暴露的重要途径.从武汉市不同功能区幼儿园采集69个降尘样品,分析了其中铅的含量与空间分布,同时根据体外模拟实验方法（PBET）研究降尘中铅的生物可给行,目的是阐明武汉市幼儿园降尘铅的分布特征、污染程度,评估降尘中的铅对人体（尤其是儿童）的生物有效性.结果表明,武汉市幼儿园降尘中全铅含量为36.3～1 523mg.kg-1,平均值为169 mg.kg-1;与国内外部分城市对比发现,武汉市降尘中铅含量水平较低.武汉市降尘中铅分布空间差异大,局部污染严重.降尘铅在胃和小肠阶段的生物可给性分别为35%±15%和7.6%±5.8%.采用国际上认可度较高的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型（IEUBK）,预测儿童（0～6）岁群体环境铅暴露后血铅几何均值2.73μg.dL-1;超过10μg.dL-1的概率〈0.001%,超过5μg.dL-1的概率为3.32%.     

开封市幼儿园土壤重金属生物活性及潜在生态风险

在开封市城区27个幼儿园采集土壤表层样品,采用Tessier法提取并用F-AAS法测定不同化学形态的Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu和Cr含量,在计算重金属迁移系数(MF)和生态风险指数(RI)的基础上,对重金属化学形态分布、迁移能力、生物活性和潜在生态风险进行了研究.结果表明,城区幼儿园土壤Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb和Ni的平均含...     

Are there any job resources capable of moderating the effect of physical demands on work ability? A study among kindergarten teachers

Background. It is recognized that teaching in a preschool context is physically demanding. Despite this, the consequences of physical demands on psychophysical health (including work ability) are significantly understudied among kindergarten teachers. Objectives. The aim of the present study is to examine (a) the association between physical demands and work ability and (b) whether psychosocial job resources buffer the negative impact of physical demands among kindergarten teachers. Method. A total of 426 kindergarten teachers employed in the municipal educational services of a city in northwest Italy filled out a self-reported questionnaire. Results. High association was found between physical demand and work ability. Moderated hierarchical regressions showed that decision authority, skill discretion, reward and meaning of work buffer the hampering effect of physical demands and work ability. No buffering effects were observed for support from superiors and colleagues. Conclusion. The present study has relevant, practical implications, highlighting the importance of investing in interventions encompassing a holistic perspective (e.g., psychosocial and ergonomic) in order to effectively combat the hampering effect of physical demands on work ability.     

开封市幼儿园地表灰尘重金属积累及健康风险

在开封市采集31个幼儿园的地表灰尘样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(F-AAS)分别测定其＞0.25 mm、0.25～0.15 mm、＜0.15 mm和多粒级混合样品的Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu和Ni含量,应用EF法和HI法探讨了灰尘重金属富集特征和针对幼儿的健康风险.结果表明:灰尘Pb、Zn、Ni、Cu和Cr平均含量分别为...     

浅析开展幼儿环境教育遵循的几项原则

随着教育改革的深入,幼儿教育界的改革也随之而深入,新的《幼儿园教育纲要》对开展幼儿环境教育提出更高的要求,幼儿环境教育是更加重要。在幼儿环境教育中必须以幼儿的真实生活环境为课堂,运用"互动式"教育,不宜作为一个单独的学习领域或知识领域,而应以渗透为主,开展幼儿环境教育。     

北京市幼儿园地面尘中有毒金属浓度及其健康风险

灰尘摄入是儿童金属暴露的重要来源.为了解北京市区幼儿园环境中有毒金属污染水平及其对儿童健康的影响,利用自制采样器采集北京市区代表幼儿园地面尘,并分析其中的Pb、Cd、Hg、As浓度.结果表明Cd、Hg、Pb在室内地面尘中具有不同程度的富集且呈现明显的季节变化特征.夏季地面尘中Pb、Cd、Hg、As浓度的几何均值分别为63.12、1.67、0.06、0.22μg·g-1;冬季分别为117.40、4.52、0.95、0.88μg·g-1.通过计算地理累积指数发现,北京市区幼儿园受到严重的Cd、Pb污染.暴露及健康风险评估结果表明,儿童对地面尘中有毒金属的经口摄入量远大于皮肤摄入量.4种金属对儿童均无显著的致癌和非致癌风险.但相比于其他金属,Pb的非致癌风险较高,其危险指数达0.12,需要引起重视.