随机不确定性影响下某航炮发射动力学仿真

目的研究随机不确定性对航炮发射动力学响应的影响,提高其射击密集度。方法建立某航炮刚柔耦合动力学模型,利用ADAMS软件进行发射动力学仿真分析。考虑航炮射击过程中的不确定因素,采用非概率凸集模型进行量化,揭示缓冲器弹簧刚度、平衡机弹簧刚度、炮膛合力等参数不确定性对航炮射击密集度的影响规律。结果炮口振动在不确定性因素的影响下,出现振动幅值增大,在区间范围内波动的现象。结论航炮射击时的炮口振动严重影响了射击密集度,因此在设计时必须考虑不确定性因素,所得结果对于提高航炮系统射击密集度具有一定的指导意义。     

火炮机械系统可靠性强化试验方案探讨

目的尝试将可靠性强化试验理论引入其可靠性研究中,提高火炮机械系统的可靠性。方法首先分析可靠性强化试验的发展动态及其应用于机械系统的必要性,而后在对其理论依据进行分析的基础上,明确火炮机械系统可靠性强化试验研究的目的。结果依据火炮机械系统的主要失效模式,制定了包含机械工作原理分析等7个步骤的可靠性强化试验方案,详细分析了各环节的内容及作用。结论研究结果为可靠性强化试验在火炮机械系统中的应用提供一定理论支撑。     

Feeding of western gray whales during a seismic survey near Sakhalin Island, Russia

Exxon Neftegas Limited, as operator of the Sakhalin-1 consortium, is developing oil and gas reserves on the continental shelf off northeast Sakhalin Island, Russia. DalMorNefteGeofizika (DMNG) on behalf of the Sakhalin-1 consortium conducted a 3-D seismic survey of the Odoptu license area during 17 August–9 September 2001. A portion of the primary feeding area of the endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) is located in the vicinity of the seismic survey. This paper presents data to assess whether western gray whale bottom feeding activity, as indicated by visible mud plumes, was affected by seismic operations. The mitigation and monitoring program associated with the seismic survey included aerial surveys during 19 July–19 November 2001. These aerial surveys documented the local and regional distribution, abundance, and bottom feeding activity of western gray whales. Data on gray whale feeding activity before, during and after the seismic survey were collected, with the whales assumed to be feeding on the benthos if mud plumes were observed on the surface. The data were used to assess the influence of seismic survey and other factors (including environmental) on feeding activity of western gray whales. A stepwise multiple regression analysis failed to find a statistically significant effect (α = 0.05) of the seismic survey on frequency of occurrence of mud plumes of western gray whales used as a proxy to evaluate bottom feeding activity in Piltun feeding area. The regression indicated that transect number (a proxy for water depth, related to distance from shore) and swell height (a proxy for sea state) were the only variables that had a significant effect on frequency of whale mud plumes. It is concluded that the 2001 seismic survey had no measurable effect (α = 0.05) on bottom feeding activity of western gray whales off Sakhalin Island. M.W. Newcomer, deceased     

Distribution and abundance of western gray whales during a seismic survey near Sakhalin Island, Russia

Exxon Neftegas Limited, operator of the Sakhalin-1 consortium, is developing oil and gas reserves on the continental shelf off northeast Sakhalin Island, Russia. DalMorNefteGeofizika (DMNG), on behalf of the Sakhalin-1 consortium, conducted a 3-D seismic survey of the Odoptu license area during 17 August–9 September 2001. A portion of the primary known feeding area of the endangered western gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) is located adjacent to the seismic block. The data presented here were collected as part of daily monitoring to determine if there was any measurable effect of the seismic survey on the distribution and abundance of western gray whales. Mitigation and monitoring program included aerial surveys conducted between 19 July and 19 November using the methodology outlined by the Southern California High Energy Seismic Survey team (HESS). These surveys provided documentation of the distribution, abundance and bottom feeding activity of western gray whales in relation to seismic survey sounds. From an operations perspective, the aerial surveys provided near real-time data on the location of whales in and outside the feeding area, and documented whether whales were displaced out of an area normally used as feeding habitat. The objectives of this study were to assess (a) temporal changes in the distribution and abundance of gray whales in relation to seismic survey, and (b) the influence of seismic survey, environmental factors, and other variables on the distribution and abundance of gray whales within their preferred feeding area adjacent to Piltun Bay. Multiple regression analysis revealed a limited redistribution of gray whales southward within the Piltun feeding area when the seismic survey was fully operational. A total of five environmental and other variables unrelated to seismic survey (date and proxies of depth, sea state and visibility) and one seismic survey-related variable (seg3d, i.e., received sound energy accumulated over 3 days) had statistically significant effects on the distribution and abundance of gray whales. The distribution of two to four gray whales observed on the surface (i.e., about five to ten whales in total) has likely been affected by the seismic survey. However, the total number of gray whales observed within the Piltun feeding area remained stable during the seismic survey. M. W. Newcomer, Deceased.     

水下枪炮发射问题研究综述

首先介绍了水下枪炮类武器发射问题的研究意义,并对其军事需求进行了分析。之后对常见的水下枪炮发射方式进行了介绍,并简述了各自的发展历程。总结了目前对水下发射问题内弹道的研究进展,结合水下枪炮发射问题自身特点,阐述了燃气射流的形成机理以及相关研究的发展过程,比较性地总结了空气中枪炮发射膛口流场与水下枪炮发射膛口流场的研究进展及对应典型波系结构。最后,对水下枪炮发射领域仍存在的科学问题以及未来发展趋势作出了展望。     

基于ADAMS的转膛机构滑板优化分析

目的设计一种合适的滑板曲线槽,以提高转膛体稳定性。方法应用凸轮机构运动原理,以滑板为主动件,转膛体滚轮为从动件,通过类比不同类型的曲线槽,对比其加速度、速度变化规律,选择加速度无突变、没有刚性冲击及柔性冲击的五次多项式运动规律进行设计。在三维软件中绘制好三维模型后,对其进行运动学仿真分析,对比转膛体滚轮在传统曲线槽与该种曲线槽约束下转膛体的运动稳定性。结果滑板曲线槽在运用五次多项式运动规律进行设计后,转膛体的运动稳定性得以提升,其中,角速度峰值由1479.76 (°)/s降到了1023.70 (°)/s,降低了30.82%;角加速度峰值由3.3×105 (°)/s降到了1.58×105 (°)/s,降低了52.12%。结论应用五次多项式运动规律的曲线槽对提高转膛体运动稳定性有明显作用,为滑板的设计提供了参考。     

PESD测试中静电枪表现的性能的研究

在本文中,我们介绍了两种不同类型的ESD静电枪(ESS-200AX和ESD 3000),分别用两种ESD静电枪对芯片进行抗干扰度测试,研究两种类型的ESD静电枪对同种样本芯片表现的性能。结果显示,对于完全符合IEC 61000-4-2要求的不同的ESD静电枪表现出不完全的一致性。为了比较IC的ESD性能,我们目前主要采用同一系列的芯片采用相同的ESD静电枪进行测试。     

基于发射环境炮–弹–引耦合仿真的中大口径加榴炮机械触发引信失效分析

目的 研究高动态发射环境中大口径加榴炮机械触发引信及其内部典型机构的响应特性和底层失效原因。方法 建立炮–弹–引耦合数值模型,开展0号装药、1号装药、0.4''装填角和身管中等程度磨损等4种工况下的动力学仿真,对比不同工况下引信典型部位的响应特性。结果 装药量和火炮身管磨损量是引信典型部位载荷响应的主要影响因素,身管磨损量是弹丸出炮口姿态角的主要影响因素。身管中期磨损条件下,引信夹板部位膛内径向过载响应峰值达2 498.4g,为初始状态的6.1倍;回转体轴响应峰值达4 296.1g,为初始状态的1.5倍;弹丸出炮口俯仰角达0.4°,为初始状态的4.4倍。试验验证结果表明,典型特征参量的仿真模拟误差不大于5%。结论 弹丸发射过程中,远离弹轴的引信安全系统轴类零件会承受更大的轴向载荷冲击和径向多维度载荷冲击,更容易导致与夹板配合的轴孔结合处发生失效。火炮身管磨损会导致榴弹配用引信在内弹道和出炮口承受更高的径向过载,以更大的姿态角进入外弹道飞行,是中大口径加榴炮机械触发引信外弹道飞行章动角增大的主要因素之一。     

不同温度热‒冷循环处理对炮钢摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的研究不同温度热–冷循环处理对炮钢摩擦磨损性能的影响及其磨损机理。方法将PCrNi3MoVA炮钢分别在400、800℃的加热温度下进行热–冷循环处理,采用立式万能摩擦磨损实验机在不同的滑动速度下测试炮钢销与H96黄铜盘配副时的摩擦磨损性能,记录摩擦系数,测量炮钢销和黄铜盘的磨损量。采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪测量磨损后的炮钢销表面形貌及化学成分,分析其磨损机理。结果热–冷循环处理对炮钢销在100 r/min滑动速度下的摩擦系数的影响较小。随着热–冷循环处理中加热温度的升高,炮钢销的磨损量增大,而黄铜盘的磨损量受炮钢销热–冷循环处理的影响较小。炮钢销的磨损表面可见明显的因材料塑性变形剥落造成的凹坑和沟槽。随着滑动速度的增大,800℃–室温循环处理后,炮钢销的摩擦系数降低,磨损量在400 r/min时最大,在800 r/min时反而下降到接近于0。分析磨损表面发现,800 r/min时,黄铜磨屑与炮钢磨屑发生掺杂混合,附着于炮钢销的磨损表面,从而影响了炮钢销的摩擦磨损性能。结论热–冷循环处理对炮钢销–黄铜盘摩擦副摩擦系数的影响较小,但随着热–冷循环中加热温度的升高,炮钢销的耐磨损性能下降。滑动速度对炮钢销摩擦系数和磨损量的影响都较大,高的滑动速度下,黄铜磨屑与炮钢磨屑混合,并附着于炮钢销磨损表面,改变炮钢销的磨损机理。     

一种带中心孔的密实随行装药内弹道数值计算及分析

目的 推进密实随行装药技术工程化应用的进程,提出一种带中心孔的密实随行装药结构方案.方法 针对该方案建立相应的内弹道模型,计算得到不同装药量、不同点火延迟时间条件下随行装药内弹道性能的变化情况.结果 受燃尽性约束,端面燃烧型随行装药药柱设计高度有限,内弹道性能提升较小.在随行药柱燃速不变的条件下,带中心孔的随行装药可有...