The effects on human health and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Kirkgeçit and Ozancik Hot Springs,Canakkale, Turkey

This investigation was carried out to determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Kirkgeçit and Ozancik hot springs. The study areas are located northeast and southwest of the town of Çan, Çanakkale. During the investigation, geological maps of the hot springs and its surroundings were prepared, and hot waters and rock samples were collected from the study sites. The Paleogene–Neogene aged andesite, trachyandesite, andesitic tuff, silicified tuff and tuffites form the basement rocks in the Ozancik hot spring area. In the Kirkgeçit hot spring area, there are Lower Triassic aged mica and quartz schists at the basement rocks. The unit is covered by limestones and marbles of the same age. They are overlain by Quaternary alluvial deposits. A chemical analysis of the Kirkgeçit hot water indicates that it is rich in SO₄ ^2– (1200.2 mg L^–1), Cl^– (121.7 mg L^–1), HCO₃ ^– (32.5 mg L^–1), Na⁺ (494 mg L^–1), K⁺ (30.2 mg L^–1), Ca²⁺ (102 mg L^–1), Mg²⁺ (15.2 mg L^–1), and SiO₂ (65.22 mg L^–1). Chemical analysis of the Ozancik hot water indicates that it is rich in SO₄ ^2– (575 mg L^–1), Cl^– (193.2 mg L^–1), HCO₃ ^– (98.5 mg L^–1), Na⁺ (315 mg L^–1), K⁺(7.248 mg L^–1), Ca²⁺ (103 mg L^–1), Mg²⁺ (0.274 mg L^–1), and SiO₂(43.20 mg L^–1). The distribution of ions in the hot waters on the Schoeller diagram has an arrangement of r(Na⁺+K⁺)>rCa²⁺>rMg²⁺ and r(SO₄ ^2–)>rCl^–>r(HCO₃ ^–). In addition, the inclusion of Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in the hot water samples indicates potential natural inorganic contamination. The water analysis carried out following the ICPMS-200 technique was evaluated according to the World Health Organisation and Turkish Standards. The use and the effects of the hot water on human health are also discussed in the paper.     

湘东北燕山晚期花岗岩构造环境判别

在湘东北中生代多期陆内花岗岩浆活动中 ,燕山晚期花岗岩占有重要地位 ,燕山晚期大规模花岗岩侵入代表一种特殊的构造环境。本文通过湘东北主要燕山晚期花岗岩的岩石化学和微量元素来判别成岩构造环境 ,认为该期花岗岩属于富碱质的钙碱性花岗岩 ,为陆内拉张环境下的产物 ,进一步进行构造环境分类 ,判别其属于后造山PA型花岗岩 ,形成于造山作用后期的拉张环境 ,与陆内裂谷长期拉张的构造环境明显不同。在区域构造演化分析的基础上 ,提出湘东北燕山晚期花岗岩形成于印支—燕山早期陆内挤压 走滑剪切造山作用后期的构造松弛阶段拉张环境 ,燕山晚期PA型花岗岩的出现标志着陆内活化由挤压向拉张的构造转折 ,同时也反映湘东北的陆内活化至少经历了陆内挤压和陆内拉张两个演化阶段。