硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定氯化氢中的影响因素及解决方法

大气中氯化氢常以气体或盐酸雾状态存在,氯化氢气体和大气中的水蒸气作用形成盐酸雾,具有强酸性,能刺激上呼吸粘膜,可引起气管炎,出现咳嗽、胸闷、头晕等症状。在硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢时,其方法灵敏、简便,但选择性差,影响因素较多,本文通过对氯化氢测定中硫氰酸汞浓度、试剂配制的方法、全程序空白测定及操作方法、采样过程等因素进行总结、探讨和分析,确定适合的测定条件,提高测定结果的准确度和精密度。     

氯离子对COD测定影响的探讨

研究含有高氯离子样品COD的测定,发现其中的白色沉淀为AgCl。实验结果证明,按照标准方法,当取样体积为20 mL时,按0.4 g HgSO4络合2 000 mg/L Cl-的比例投加掩蔽Cl-可以取得理想的效果。     

两种国标方法测定大气中二氧化硫的比较研究

国标方法中环境空气中二氧化硫的测定方法主要有甲醛吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法和四氯汞盐吸收-副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法.对国标方法中两种副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法测定环境空气中二氧化硫所用的两种吸收液(四氯汞钾、甲醛)的吸收效果及方法的准确性、精密度等条件作了比较试验.结果表明,采用甲醛溶液作吸收液与四氯汞钾溶液作吸收液相比,吸收效果、精密度和准确度更好,测定的检出限低.用甲醛溶液做吸收液,除了上述优点外,还可避免使用大量的汞盐,有利于环境保护.     

Influence of marine alga against mercury-induced biochemical changes,structural destabilization,and genotoxicity in marine tiger fish,Therapon jarbua

This study elucidated the protective role of alga against mercury (Hg)-induced toxicity in marine fish. Bath immersion with mercury chloride (HgCl) [0.125 and 0.25?ppm] in combination with the algal extract (3?ppm) to Therapon jarbua offered a significant protection against Hg only induced disturbed liver function, damaged histoarchitecture, elevated oxidative stress, and DNA fragmentation of tissues. Mercury exposure decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, and the level of nonprotein-soluble thiol (NPSH, GSH), with a concomitant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the gill, kidneys, liver, and blood. Algal supplementation diminished the rise in TBARS restoring CAT, SOD, and GSH levels to control. Reduced generation of free radicals may be correlated to protect DNA stability and morphology. This study indicates the ability of alga to ameliorate Hg-mediated injuries. In conclusion, Kappaphycus alvarezii extract did not show any toxicity and its safety is suggestive for using as a supplement in fish food.     

Properties of mercuric reductase from a HgCl2-resistant fungus

Mercuric reductase is detected in Cephalosporium tabacinum F2.The enzyme, which is an intracellular one,catalyzes the reduction of mercuric ions to elemental mercury,which requires NADH as an electron donor and added sulfhydryl compound.The optimum temperature and pH of the enzymatic reaction are 30℃ and 7.0- 8. 0,respectively.The enzyme activity is stable in the range of 25- 30℃ for 40min,and stable at pH 7. 0 for 2 hours. Metal ions such as Ag⁺ ,CO²⁺), Cu²⁺,Zh²⁺, Mn²⁺,Ni²⁺ show different degrees of inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity,other compounds such as phenylmercury acetate and potassium ferricyanide also partially inhibit the enzyme activity.     

Potential application of 2-(6-ethylamino-3-ethylimino-2,7-dimethyl-3H-xanthen-9-yl) benzoic acid phenyl thiourea for mercury determination

Heavy metal contamination of the environment is a public health problem and research to develop new tools for monitoring the environmental impact of these elements is necessary. This study describes the preparation of a rhodamine-based probe 1 and its potential applications for detecting mercuric ion [Hg(II)] in samples from a nutrition media containing Salvinia auriculata. It was observed that an excess of probe 1 led to quenching in the fluorescence/absorption response, which was evidenced by a decrease in the signal when the stoichiometry differed from 1:1. Consequently, this probe is not suitable for quantitative analysis of Hg(II). Also, probe 1 reacts with methylmercury (MeHg) with different stoichiometry than that observed for Hg(II). These results indicate the potential application of probe 1 for qualitative detection of Hg(II) and MeHg in environmental samples.     

Mercuric chloride induced proteotoxicity and structural destabilization in marine fish (Therapon jarbua)

The reaction byproducts derived from lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities were measured in tissues of marine fish (Therapon jarbua) exposed to mercuric chloride (HgCl) in water dispersions of 0.125 or 0.25 ppm. LPO was significantly increased in various tissues relative to control values after 96-h exposure. SOD and GPx activities significantly decreased after exposure to first two doses but significantly elevated CAT in Dose II kidney and liver tissues. The elevated levels of LPO, decreased activities of SOD and GPx, and increased CAT activities in all tissues examined in T. jarbua are an index of oxidative stress in fish. Structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the structural deformation in HgCl₂-exposed animals. These observations suggest that HgCl acts as a mediator in free radical generation. The increase in CAT and decrease in SOD and GPx activities in these tissues may be an adaptive response.     

关于化学需氧量测定中化学反应的研究

研究了高氯样品COD测定中的化学反应,发现测定中产生的白色沉淀是AgCl而不是HgCl2,并推断了Cl-在COD测定中的反应机理.讨论了AgNO3、HgSO4加入量对测定结果的影响,重点分析了当AgNO3不足与过量时的数据.当试样体积20.00ml,按0.4g HgSO4络合2000mg/LCl-的比例,投加HgSO4掩蔽10000mg/L Cl-可取得满意结果.     

汞和镍对人血淋巴细胞转化及DNA合成的效应

通过测定3H－TdR参入细胞DNA的方法研究了氯化汞和氯化镍对人血淋巴细胞转化和DNA合成的效应。结果表明,氯化汞和氯化镍对人外周血淋巴细胞的转化和DNA合成的效应是双相性的：在极低浓度下汞、镍化合物均可促进淋巴细胞转化和DNA合成,而在高浓度下则抑制淋巴细胞转化和DNA合成。汞、镍化合物对淋巴细胞的这种刺激效应比细胞有丝分裂素—植物血凝素（PHA）的刺激效应要弱。汞对细胞转化和DNA合成的刺激效应比镍强     

烟草头孢霉F2抗氯化汞特性的研究

对抗汞真菌——烟草头孢霉F2的某些抗汞特性进行了研究。结果表明,该菌株在含500mg/L HgCl_2的土豆汁葡萄糖培养基中生长良好,其对HgCl_2的抗性与培养基的起始pH值明显相关。某些巯基化合物可促进该菌的抗汞能力。二价金属阳离子对该菌抗汞能力有不同的效应。在不同的培养基上,该菌对汞的吸收能力不同。在一定的条件下,菌体吸收的汞可释放入无汞培养液和磷酸缓冲液中。经透射电镜和扫描电镜观察表明,该菌分生孢子在萌发前明显膨胀,细胞壁、细胞核及线粒体均有不规则现象出现。