半干法喷射烟气脱硫试验研究

介绍了半干法喷射烟气脱硫试验 ,研究了钙硫比、雾化水量、进口SO2 浓度、湿度等主要因素对脱硫率的影响规律 ,对布袋除尘器的辅助脱硫也进行了研究。结果将有助于改进半干法脱硫技术 ,并为进一步的工业应用提供了参考数据。     

地质封存中CO_2盐水溶液的表观摩尔体积模型

在现有CO2盐水溶液密度模型的基础上,根据CO2地下盐水溶液密度实验数据,考虑了温度、压力和CO2质量分数三个参数的影响,建立了CO2盐水溶液的表观摩尔体积模型。模型结果表明该模型能在30~50℃、10~20 MPa温压范围内准确预测CO2在盐水溶液中的表观摩尔体积,将预测结果与实验数据进行对比发现最大相对误差为0.25%,平均相对误差为0.1%,模型预测精度明显高于现有的CO2盐水溶液表观摩尔体积模型,为CO2地下盐水层封存提供了必要的基础。     

不同硝/铵比值对小麦幼苗根系释放氢氧根的影响

为研发酸化土壤的生物修复技术,采用水培试验和自动电位滴定装置研究酸性条件下氮素形态对小麦幼苗根系释放氢氧根及培养液pH变化的影响。结果表明,小麦幼苗在初始pH值为4.0,n(NO3-)∶n(NH4+)比值(以下简称硝/铵比)分别为15∶1、3∶1和1∶1的营养液中培养6 d后营养液pH升高,且增幅随硝/铵比的增加而增大,小麦对硝态氮的吸收量和氢氧根释放量呈相同的变化趋势,说明小麦对硝态氮的吸收偏好导致根系释放氢氧根,进而使得培养液pH升高。小麦幼苗在硝/铵比为3∶1,初始pH值分别为4.0、4.5和5.0的营养液中培养6d后,培养液pH和氢氧根释放量的增幅随初始pH的升高而降低,说明低pH条件有利于小麦幼苗对硝态氮的吸收,可促进小麦根系释放更多的氢氧根。10 h的恒定pH试验结果表明,恒定pH条件下小麦根系释放的氢氧根数量大于非恒定pH条件,且硝态氮比例越大,差值越大。因此,可以根据小麦在酸性条件下对硝态氮的吸收偏好建立酸化土壤的生物修复方法,即调节硝态氮含量以加大小麦根系的氢氧根释放量,进而提高土壤pH。     

基于二次铝灰的地聚反应稳固化垃圾飞灰

基于工业生产铝过程中回收的二次铝灰（SAD）的地质聚合反应,提出了一种稳固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA）的新方法,分析硅铝物质的量之比对飞灰中重金属浸出浓度及地聚物固化体力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,当硅铝物质的量之比小于2.5时,二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体与偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中的重金属浸出浓度均随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而逐渐降低,2种固化体的抗压强度随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而增加;硅铝物质的量之比达到2.5时,重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度均趋于稳定.XRD分析结果显示,偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中聚合物的种类与数量均略高于二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体.但从重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度来看,2类固化体对飞灰中重金属的稳固化效果的差别很小,二次铝灰加上部分硅基材料可以作为偏高岭土的替代品,用于稳固化飞灰重金属的地质聚合反应中.二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体的抗压强度达到13.65MPa,具备一定的力学性能,可用于部分特定的建筑材料.     

典型三床RTO设备燃爆危险性数值模拟研究*

为研究苯、甲苯、二甲苯混合废气在三床蓄热式废气焚烧炉内部的燃烧过程,基于FLUENT软件建立典型的三床蓄热式废气焚烧炉的物理模型和数值模型,重点分析进气风量和混合可燃气体-空气摩尔占比对其内部压力变化规律的影响,以期可为其安全设计提供借鉴。研究结果表明:燃烧室内的温度变化与燃烧速度变化保持一致,可通过监测RTO燃烧室内的温度来定性评估气体燃烧速度,随着进气风量的增加,混合废气燃烧速度先升高后下降后再升高;从能源损耗和安全生产2个方面综合考虑,得出RTO运行的最佳进气风量为15 000 m3/h到30 000 m3/h,最佳的混合可燃气体-空气摩尔占比为0.15~0.2,这与RTO实际工况相符合,解释RTO装置内废气积聚导致爆炸事故的原因,燃烧过程中压力出现2次峰值超压,实际生产中需在2个时间节点多加防范。     

摩尔配比对MAP沉淀法回收模拟废水中磷的影响

以磷浓度50mg/L的实验室模拟废水为研究对象,考察了以鸟粪石(MAP)形式回收磷的最佳摩尔配比,并借助X-衍射(XRD)对不同摩尔配比条件下得到的沉淀物进行分析。试验结果表明,在pH=9.5时,以鸟粪石形式回收磷的最佳Mg:N:P=4:1.6:1。对沉淀物的XRD分析发现,在pH=9.5,当固定Mg:P=1.6时,N:P=1时沉淀物中基本不含MAP,当N:P=2时,生成的沉淀物中混有少量的副产物Mg(3PO)42,当N:P2时则生成较纯的MAP;当固定N:P=4时,Mg:P=2是生成较纯的MAP的临界值,超过此比例则生成副产物Mg(3PO)42;当反应按照理论配比投加氨氮和镁盐时,所得产物基本不是MAP,而是副产物Mg(3PO)42。故鸟粪石沉淀结晶反应中应尽量提高氨氮配比,并避免投加过量的镁盐,以保证回收产物的纯度。     

脱硫石膏对酸化森林土壤短期修复效果的研究

以电厂脱硫石膏为修复剂,选取重庆铁山坪地区典型的酸化森林土壤为修复对象,进行了为期1 a的修复效果研究.对不同土层土壤溶液pH值、主要阴阳离子和重金属浓度的动态变化展开观测,并对土壤和脱硫石膏的重金属含量进行分析,以评价脱硫石膏的修复效果及存在的风险.结果表明,与对照样地相比,修复样地各层土壤溶液Ca2＋和SO24-的浓度随时间依次升高,pH值也略有上升,且年均n（Ca）/n（Al）摩尔比从2.16、1.35和0.88升高到2.58、1.52和1.12.土壤溶液中As、Cu、Cr、Ni和Zn的浓度并未检测到明显上升,只是Cr、Ni和Zn在土壤上层出现了轻微富集.脱硫石膏的处理对酸化土壤起到了改良作用,且未造成土壤溶液重金属浓度明显的升高,但重金属在土壤层的积累会造成潜在的风险,需要进一步开展研究.     

Fractionation of residual Al in natural water treatment from reservoir with poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC): Effect of OH/Al, Si/Al molar ratios and initial pH

An aluminum fractionation study was conducted for a surface reservoir water treatment to understand the performance of poly-aluminum-silicate-chloride (PASiC) in terms of the residual Al fractions as a function of initial pH. The coagulation performance expressed as turbidity and organic matter removal was established as supporting data. Some extra data were evaluated in terms of the residual Al ratio of the composite PASiC coagulant. The main residual Al sources were the Al fractions derived from the use of PASiC. The turbidity and organic matter removal ability was optimal at initial pH 6.00-7.00, while the concentrations of various residual Al species and the residual Al ratio of PASiC were minimal at an initial pH range of 7.00-8.00. Under the conditions of OH/Al molar ratio = 2.00 and Si/Al molar ratio = 0.05, PASiC had superior coagulation performance and comparatively low residual Al concentrations. The Al fraction in the composite PASiC coagulant seldom remained under such conditions. Experimental data also indicated that the suspended (filterable) Al fraction was the dominant species, and organic-bound or organo-Al complex Al was considered to be the major species of dissolved Al in water treated by PASiC coagulation. Additionally, the dissolved inorganic monomeric Al species dominated the dissolved monomeric Al fraction.     

基于二次铝灰的地聚反应稳固化垃圾飞灰

基于工业生产铝过程中回收的二次铝灰（SAD）的地质聚合反应,提出了一种稳固化城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA）的新方法,分析硅铝物质的量之比对飞灰中重金属浸出浓度及地聚物固化体力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,当硅铝物质的量之比小于2.5时,二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体与偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中的重金属浸出浓度均随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而逐渐降低,2种固化体的抗压强度随着硅铝物质的量之比的增加而增加;硅铝物质的量之比达到2.5时,重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度均趋于稳定.XRD分析结果显示,偏高岭土-SiO₂基固化体中聚合物的种类与数量均略高于二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体.但从重金属的浸出浓度与固化体的抗压强度来看,2类固化体对飞灰中重金属的稳固化效果的差别很小,二次铝灰加上部分硅基材料可以作为偏高岭土的替代品,用于稳固化飞灰重金属的地质聚合反应中.二次铝灰-SiO₂基固化体的抗压强度达到13.65MPa,具备一定的力学性能,可用于部分特定的建筑材料.     

Evaluating Controlling Factors to Ali/(Ca + Mg) Molar Ratio in Acidic Soil Water, Southern and Southwestern China: Multivariate Approach

Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water has been used as an indicator to the effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems. However, the main factors controlling this ratio have not been well documented in southern and southwestern China. In this study, we presented the variation in inorganic aluminum (Al_i) and Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in different sites and soil horizons based on two to three years monitoring data, and evaluated the main factors controlling Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio using principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression. Monitoring data showed although Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratios in most soil water were lower than assumed critical 1.0, higher molar ratios were found in some soil water at TSP and LXH site. Besides acid loading, both soil properties and soil water chemistry affected the value of Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. Partial least square (PLS) indicated that they had different relative importance in different soil horizons. In A-horizon, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) had higher influence on Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio than soil water chemistry did; higher soil aluminum saturation (AlS) led to higher Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil water. In the deeper horizons (i.e., B₁-, B₂- and BC-horizon), inorganic aluminum (Al_i) in soil water had more and more important role in regulating Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. On regional scale, soil aluminum saturation (AlS) as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC) was the dominant factor controlling Al_i/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. This should be paid enough attention on when making regional acid rain control policy in China.