单嘧磺隆在小麦田中的残留试验研究

研究了单嘧磺隆的残留分析方法 ,单嘧磺隆在土壤中的消解动态和在土壤、小麦中的最终残留 .土壤经甲醇 /氨水混合液提取 (小麦用丙酮 /水混合液 ) .液液分配及C1 8小柱净化、用带紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定 .单嘧磺隆的最低检出量为 4ng ,在土壤和小麦中的最低检出浓度为 0 0 2mg·kg- 1 .本方法的平均添加回收率为 91 1 7— 1 0 3 8% ,变异系数为 1 47— 1 1 8% .应用上述方法 ,测定了单嘧磺隆在北京、山东两地土壤中的消解动态以及在土壤、小麦中的最终残留 .结果表明 :在北京土壤中的半衰期为 9 2 4d ;在山东土壤中的半衰期为 1 3 5 9d;当按推荐剂量施药 ,小麦收获时 ,在土壤和小麦中 ,北京、山东两地均未检出单嘧磺隆     

Residue analysis and dissipation of monosulfuron in soil and wheat

HPLC-UV residue analytical method for monosulfuron [ N-[( 4‘-methyl ) pyrimidin-2‘-yl ]-2-nitrophenylsulfonyl urea] in soil and wheat was developed. Monosulfuron residues were recovered by solvent extraction, followed by liquid-liquid partition, and C18 cartrige clean-up. Excellent method recoveries ranging from 95%-104% for both fortified soil and wheat grain were obtained with coefficients of variation 1.5%-11.8%. The minimum detectable quantities in soil and wheat were both 4 ng, the limit of detection was 0.02 mg/kg. When monosulfuron was applied according to double dosage of maximum recommended use direction(120 g ai/hm^2 of 10% monosulfuron wettable powder sprayed for once during development of wheat ) in field studies conducted in Shandong Province and near Beijing, monosulfuron residues was not detected in soil and wheat samples collected 75 d after application. Laboratory soil degradation studies showed that monosulfuron degraded faster in acidic soil and strong alkaline soil than in neutral or weak alkaline soil. Half lives in Jiangxi soil, Shijiazhuang soil, Jiangsu soil and Heilongjiang soil were 41, 48, 87 and 84 d respectively. Monosulfuron residues dissipated rapidly in Shandong and Beijing field test sites with half-lives of less than 14 d.     

Herbicide activity of monosulfuron and its mode of action

Monosulfuron was developed for weed control in the field of wheat( Triticum, aestivum L.) and millet( Panicum miliaceum L.)with the application rate ranging from 15 to 60 g ai/hm^2 . Herbicidal.activity of monosulfuron was evaluated systematically by bioassay using maize( Zea mays L. ) taproot as indicator and weed fresh weight of Acalypha australis L. and Echinochloa phyllopogon. Maize CAU 3138 was the most tolerant cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 (concentration of .50% inhibition) of 8.5μg/kg, Yedan 13 was one of the most sensitive cultivars to monosulfuron with IC50 of 6.4 μg/kg. Monosulfuron inhibited the growth of Acalypha australis L. strongly comparing with that of Echinochloa phyllopogon. Monosulfuron was a good acetolactate synthase(ALS) inhibitor in vitro, the 150 (50% of inhibition) of monosulfuron, chlorsulfuron, tdbenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron for CAU 3138 were 32, 2, 19 and 26 nmol/L respectively, for Yedan 13 the /50 were 1.5, 3, 17 and 6.5 nmol/L respectively. In vivo ALS inhibition occurred only in higher concentration of 4 sulfonylurea herbicide tested. Comparison study of this test indicated that the mode of action of monosulfuron was the same as that of other sulfonylurea herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl and nicosulfuron, they were all inhibitors targeted at the ALS.