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大气环境质量的模糊综合评判方法 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
分析了大气环境质量评价方法现状和模糊综合评判中存在的问题及解决办法,依据我国环境影响评价实际,提出采用单因子标准指数法和模糊综合评判法相结合的方法评价大气环境质量,并给出评价方法,步骤、结合实例说明其应用。 相似文献
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基于模糊评价法的建筑安全事故预测模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对建筑工程安全领域中许多对象具有"内涵明确,外延不明确"的特点,本文利用模糊数学对建筑安全事故影响因素进行度量,通过层次分析法确定各影响因素权重,提出了一种基于模糊评价法的建筑安全事故预测模型,解决了建筑生产中安全事故的即时预测,并通过实例给予说明,说明了模型在建筑安全事故预测中的有效性和实用性. 相似文献
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环境损害赔偿之关键前提:因果关系判定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近年来,随着经济的快速发展,我国环境污染事故频繁发生,随之引发的环境损害问题越发严重。然而由于技术的局限性,大多数损害得不到赔偿。因果关系判定,作为环境损害赔偿的关键前提,正是我国面对环境污染事故频发而亟待解决的问题。本文首先基于环境损害的因果链条,以科学严谨的角度,构建了一套适合我国且具有可操作性的环境损害因果关系判定程序;而后,为了避免由于环境系统的复杂性而导致该程序无法顺利进行的情况发生,本文对国外先进的因果关系判定原则进行了分析,并以此建立了判定程序和判定原则相结合的因果关系判定体系,该体系旨在帮助遇到"瓶颈"的判定程序能够按照体系中的判定原则以一种"迂回"的方式继续进行。本文所构建因果关系判定体系,在保证科学严谨性的同时,兼顾了实用性和时效性,避免了因果关系判定这一关键环节陷入无休止的考证和证明之中,对环境损害赔偿体系的建立具有重要的理论意义与技术支持作用。 相似文献
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How good is GLASOD? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Global Assessment of Soil Degradation (GLASOD) has been the most influential global appraisal of land quality in terms of environmental policy. However, its expert judgments were never tested for their consistency and could not be reproduced at unvisited sites, while the relationship between the GLASOD assessments of land degradation and the social and economic impact of that degradation remains unclear. Yet, other methodologies that could respond to urgent calls for an updated assessment of the global environmental quality are not operational or, at best, in progress. Therefore, we evaluate the reliability and social relevance of the GLASOD approach and assess its candidacy for new global environmental assessments. The study concentrates on the African continent, capitalizing on new GIS data to delineate and define the characteristics of GLASOD map units. Consistency is tested by comparing expert judgments on soil degradation hazard for similar combinations of biophysical conditions and land use. Reproducibility is evaluated by estimating an ordered logit model that relates the qualitative land degradation classes to easily available information on explanatory variables, the results of which can be used to assess the land degradation at unvisited sites. Finally, a cross-sectional analysis investigates the relation between GLASOD assessments and crop production data at sub-national scale and its association with the prevalence of malnutrition. The GLASOD assessments prove to be only moderately consistent and hardly reproducible, while the counter-intuitive trend with crop production reveals the complexity of the production-degradation relationship. It appears that increasing prevalence of malnutrition coincides with poor agro-productive conditions and highly degraded land. The GLASOD approach can be improved by resolving the differences in conceptualization among experts and by defining the boundaries of the ordered classes in the same units as independent, quantitative land degradation data. 相似文献
6.
水环境质量评价3种方法的应用对比 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从众多水质评价方法中选取单项指数法、加权均值型指数法、模糊数学法进行介绍,并通过运用这3种方法对大汶河某年监测数据的平均值进行评价.经对比分析发现,加权均值型指数法是一种比较实用的水质评价方法,模糊数学法可以作为必要的补充. 相似文献
7.
计算静态应力降与动态应力降之比Y值,根据Y值的大小初步判定地震类型,是震后趋势判定的一种新方法,对震后趋势快速判定有一定意义。通过计算我省历年有影响地震的Y值,发现2005年以来黑龙江省及其周边地区中强地震静态应力降与动态应力降之比(Y值)在0.3~0.6之间,总体来说Y值较大,其地震类型以孤立型地震为主,吉林省前郭县地震Y值为0.37,与我省其他中强地震相比,Y值相对较低,初步判定为震群型地震。 相似文献
8.
本文以四川部分林业土壤为例,应用多层次模糊综合评判法进行土壤资源的质量评价。采取聘请众多专家分级、打分的办法制定评价标准和确定评价因素权数。实施了专家系统与综合评判的联合运用技术,并探讨了提高土壤质量评级精度的“加细”评判问题。最后,通过比较多层次模糊综合评判法与传统法(评分法)的评价结果,指出前者具有更强的客观性和全面性。 相似文献
9.
The use of heuristic judgments is prevalent in organizations and negatively impacts accurate employee assessments. To minimize the negative impact of heuristic judgments (i.e., anchoring and adjustment), we aim to improve rating accuracy by restructuring frame‐of‐reference (FOR) training. We conducted five studies (N = 1,143) using different samples (three including participants with hiring experience), training environments (onsite and online), and rating contexts (evaluations of sales representatives, teachers, contract negotiation specialists, and retail store managers). Across the five studies, the average improvement in rating accuracy was at least twice as large for restructured FOR (vs. control) training as it was for typical FOR (vs. control) training; the difference in rating accuracy between restructured and typical FOR training was statistically significant. Furthermore, minimizing the anchoring effect rather than increasing opportunities for rating adjustments improved rating accuracy (Study 4). Finally, restructured FOR training achieved higher criterion validity (i.e., a higher strength of the association between ratings regarding a target and the target's objective performance) than did typical FOR training (Studies 3 and 5). We discuss implications for improving the effectiveness of diverse training programs and the accuracy of judgments in organizations. 相似文献
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