硅藻土的研究现状及进展

硅藻土具有多孔性、密度小、比表面积大、吸附性好、耐酸、耐碱、绝缘等特性,并且中国硅藻土矿储量丰富,所以硅藻土作为一种新型的吸附材料近年来已被广泛应用于许多工业部门。本文在简单介绍硅藻土化学成分、表面特性等性质的基础上,综述了近年来国内外用聚苯胺、聚乙烯亚胺等聚合物对硅藻土进行改性的方法,同时针对不同的工业废水介绍了目前硅藻土的改性方法以及改性前后的硅藻土作为吸附材料对工业废水中的染料、重金属离子以及非极性芳香烃吸附的研究进展,并展望了硅藻土作为新型的吸附材料的发展趋势。     

根据分子连接性指数估算非极性有机化合物在鱼体中的生物富集因子

研究了有机化合物在鱼全中的生物富集因子（ＢＣＦ）与分子连接性指数（ＭＣＩ）之间的定量关系。通过逐步回归分析,以８０种非极性化合物ＢＣＦ实验值为基础,建立了根据ＭＣＩ估算ＢＣＦ的定量模型。利用Ｊａｃｋｋｎｉｆｅ法按分且和单个化合物随机抽取等方式对模型稳健性进行检验。结果显示回归方程的可决系数（Ｒ＾２）表现出较强的统计稳健性,但个别化合物的存在对模型精度有一定影响。在不同类别化合物与模型Ｊａｃｋｋｎｉ     

Treatment of tunnel wash waters - experiments with organic sorbent materials. Part I: Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nonpolar oil

Tunnel wash waters characterize all waters that run off after washing procedures of tunnels are performed. These waters represent a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxic metals. Removal of such contaminants from water runoff was investigated using laboratory tests after washing procedure was performed on two road tunnels in eastern Norway (Hanekleiv and Bragernes). Due to diverse character of both, treatment media and treated wash waters, the whole investigation was divided into two separate laboratory experiments. The treatment efficiencies were established based on the levels of concentrations and reductions of the measured contaminants in the effluents released from the tested media. In the first part of the article, the contents of nonpolar oil (NPO), 16 individual PAHs, and total PAHs (∑PAH16) are described. This part revealed that the combination of two organic sorbent materials provided the highest treatment efficiency for wash waters released from the road tunnel and from electrostatic filters. The greatest reduction levels reached 97.6% for NPO, 97.2% for benzo[a]pyrene, and 96.5% for the total PAHs. In the second part of the article, the concentrations and the removal rates of toxic metals are reported