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杨继文 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2012,22(2):12-14,27
以四川藏区矿产资源的开发利用为研究对象,一方面,从环境公害本土化的视角解读四川藏区的资源开发公害问题;另一方面,从法律的价值和应对的视角对资源开发公害问题进行法律规制,以期对四川藏区生态环境的保护有所裨益。 相似文献
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Michael Donovan Charles A. Job William C. Sonzogni 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(1):23-28
ABSTRACT: The Illinois v. Milwaukee Federal District Court decision is the most far reaching application yet of the federal common law of nuisance to interstate water pollution conflicts. Although a Federal Appelate Court recently rescinded part of the district court decision, Milwaukee must still upgrade its metropolitan sewage system to a level beyond that required by federal and state regulations. The improvements must be completed with or without federal aid. The case points out the apparent inability of the Clean Water Act, the most comprehensive federal legislation affecting the nation's water quality, to deal with certain interstate water quality conflicts. The Milwaukee decision could set a precedent for similar settlements elsewhere which may in turn affect the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's water quality clean up program. A more integrated, ecosystem conscious approach to management of shared water resources (e.g., the Great Lakes) would help reduce the need for court decisions like Illinois v. Milwaukee. 相似文献
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Alarm systems are critically important for safe and efficient operations of industrial plants, but many industrial alarm systems are suffering from too many nuisance alarms. This paper proposes a method to classify normal and abnormal data segments and evaluate performance indices for the most commonly used univariate alarm systems. The proposed method consists of three steps. First, piece-wise linear representations are exploited in separating historical data samples of an analog process variable configured with alarms into data segments with same qualitative trends. Second, data segments are classified into normal, abnormal and unclassified conditions via a mean hypothesis test; a required assumption is that data segments in normal and abnormal conditions have different mean values being distinguishable from alarm thresholds. Third, based on the normal and abnormal data, performance indices of univariate alarm systems are calculated, including two newly formulated ones as the false alarm duration ratio and the missed alarm duration ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by numerical and industrial examples. 相似文献
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通过对重庆市环境污染情况的调查分析 ,结合现行的国家相关环境质量标准和食品卫生标准 ,提出了适合重庆市无公害蔬菜基地建设的环境质量和产品质量评价标准体系 ,为建立规范化、标准化绿色蔬菜基地打下了基础 相似文献
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Mitigation translocation of nuisance animals is a commonly used management practice aimed at resolution of human–animal conflict by removal and release of an individual animal. Long considered a reasonable undertaking, especially by the general public, it is now known that translocated subjects are negatively affected by the practice. Mitigation translocation is typically undertaken with individual adult organisms and has a much lower success rate than the more widely practiced conservation translocation of threatened and endangered species. Nonetheless, the public and many conservation practitioners believe that because population‐level conservation translocations have been successful that mitigation translocation can be satisfactorily applied to a wide variety of human‐wildlife conflict situations. We reviewed mitigation translocations of reptiles, including our own work with 3 long‐lived species (Gila monsters [Heloderma suspectum], Sonoran desert tortoises [Gopherus morafkai], and western diamond‐backed rattlesnakes [Crotalus atrox]). Overall, mitigation translocation had a low success rate when judged either by effects on individuals (in all studies reviewed they exhibited increased movement or increased mortality) or by the success of the resolution of the human–animal conflict (translocated individuals often returned to the capture site). Careful planning and identification of knowledge gaps are critical to increasing success rates in mitigation translocations in the face of increasing pressure to find solutions for species threatened by diverse anthropogenic factors, including climate change and exurban and energy development. Problemas con la Mitigación por Traslocación de Herpetofauna 相似文献
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Invasions of nonnative species such as zebra mussels can have both ecological and economic consequences. The economic impacts
of zebra mussels have not been examined in detail since the mid-1990s. The purpose of this study was to quantify the annual
and cumulative economic impact of zebra mussels on surface water-dependent drinking water treatment and electric power generation
facilities (where previous research indicated the greatest impacts). The study time frame was from the first full year after
discovery in North America (Lake St. Clair, 1989) to the present (2004); the study area was throughout the mussels’ North
American range. A mail survey resulted in a response rate of 31% for electric power companies and 41% for drinking water treatment
plants. Telephone interviews with a sample of nonrespondents assessed nonresponse bias; only one difference was found and
adjusted for. Over one-third (37%) of surveyed facilities reported finding zebra mussels in the facility and almost half (45%)
have initiated preventive measures to prevent zebra mussels from entering the facility operations. Almost all surveyed facilities
(91%) with zebra mussels have used control or mitigation alternatives to remove or control zebra mussels. We estimated that
36% of surveyed facilities experienced an economic impact. Expanding the sample to the population of the study area, we estimated
$267 million (BCa 95% CI = $161 million–$467 million) in total economic costs for electric generation and water treatment
facilities through late 2004, since 1989. Annual costs were greater ($44,000/facility) during the early years of zebra mussel
infestation than in recent years ($30,000). As a result of this and other factors, early predictions of the ultimate costs
of the zebra mussel invasion may have been excessive. 相似文献
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G. William Page Ah C. Weinstein 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1982,18(4):671-677
ABSTRACT: The history of the Milwaukee water pollution abatement program is examined as a case study to investigate the costs of conflicting environmental policy. The recent U.S. Supreme Court decision concerning the Milwaukee case is described as a milestone in U.S. water pollution abatement policy which will help preclude the type of environmental policy conflict which has been found to be so costly to Milwaukee. The implications to U.S. water pollution abatement policy of the 13-year history of conflict in Milwaukee are presented. 相似文献
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