固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法快速同步分析水中有机氯及有机磷农药

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便,集萃取浓缩进样于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析时间短、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点.用固相微萃取富集水中8种有机氯及7种有机磷农药,毛细管气相色谱ECD检测器分离分析,整个分析过程只需26min,检出限可达0.002～1μg/L,已用于地表水中有机氯及有机磷农药含量的测定.     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds in water samples by membrane extraction and gas chromatography

A membrane extraction-gas chromatography method was developed fordetermination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds including methamidophos, DDVP, dimethoate, methyl parathion, parathion, thiophosphoric acid trimethyl ester, and thiophosphoramidic acid dimethyl ester in water samples. In thismethod, surface-modified acetic cellulose membranes were used to extract the target analytes in water samples, the extracted analytes were back-extracted into a small amount of methanol, andgas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) was used to determine the concentrations of targetanalytes in the extracts. The recoveries obtained for thetarget analytes spiked into the water samples ranged from 66to 94%. The method detection limit for each target analyte was 0.05 g L^-1. The method developed in this study had shown the advantages of being cheap, simple, fast, and reliable. It had been used successfully to determine the concentrations of target analytes in river water samples.     

Cu、Pb、Zn火焰原子吸收多谱线分析在环境监测中的应用

对铜的 3条谱线 (2 49.2 nm、2 61 .4nm,3 2 4.8nm ) ,铅的 2条谱线 (2 83 .3 nm、2 1 7.0 1 nm )以及锌的 2条谱线(3 0 7.6nm、2 1 3 .9nm ) ,共 7条谱线的灵敏度、检测限、线性范围进行了归纳性总结 ,并对多种共存元素可能存在的干扰情况进行了研究 ,认为利用元素不同分析谱线的分析灵敏度差异 ,根据被测元素在样品消解液中含量 ,选择合适的谱线进行分析 ,既降低工作强度 ,又能获得满意结果     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中锶

研究了用空气/乙炔火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定水中锶时酸的影响,以及铝和钙的干扰及消除,线性范围0.05～5.00mg/l,最低检测浓度为0.04mg/l,回收率为98.2％～101.4％。     

有机磷农药在环境中的光稳定性及其与分子结构的关系

测定了九种具不同结构特征的有机磷农药的消光系数、光量子产率和在环境中的光稳定性。探讨了分子结构与光稳定性的关系。结果表明,农药光稳定性主要取决于分子是否具有共轭结构及共轭程度大小;共轭程度愈大,农药的紫外光吸收能力愈强,光量子产率愈小。根据分子结构将有机磷农药分为六类。并以此法对30种结构较为简单的农药的光稳定性作了预测。     

饮用水中五种有机磷农药的快速检测法

本文介绍了使用Ｗａｔｅｒｓ ＯＡＳＩＳ－ＨＬＢ固相萃取小柱从水中分离富集敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷，对硫磷五种有机磷农药的快速检测法。     

真丝绸阻燃整理

综述了真丝绸燃烧性能及其阻燃整理的发展历史，总结了真丝绸的各种阻燃方法及具体工艺并对各种方法阻燃性能的优劣作了评价，归纳了真丝绸阻燃所用阻燃剂的种类及各类阻燃剂的作用机理，并指出目前真丝绸阻燃主要存在的问题以及今后的发展方向。     

道路灰尘中有机磷阻燃剂污染特征及人体暴露

利用气质联用仪(GC-MS)定量分析了苏州市25个道路灰尘样品中4种有机磷阻燃剂(organophosphate flame retardants,OPFRs)的含量水平和分布特征,并估算了成人、儿童和环卫工人灰尘摄入和呼吸暴露两种不同途径的日暴露量.结果表明,在灰尘样品中4种OPFRs均有不同程度检出,总OPFRs的含量范围为ND~8 901.66 ng·g~(-1),中位值为1 039.21 ng·g~(-1).三(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯[Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate,TCPP]、磷酸三(丁氧基乙基)酯[Tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate,TBEP]、磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯[Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate,TDCPP]和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯[Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate,TCEP]含量范围分别为0~6 931.46、0~2 021.15、0~788.44和0~62.16 ng·g~(-1).在高暴露情景下,成人、儿童和环卫工人通过摄入灰尘暴露ΣOPFRs的日均暴露量分别是125.68、915.78和6 314.16 pg·kg~(-1),儿童的暴露量比普通成人高6倍;而成人、儿童和环卫工人通过呼吸途径暴露ΣOPFRs的日均暴露量分别为3.07E-02、1.89E-02和1.54E-01 pg·kg~(-1).因此灰尘中OPFRs对于儿童和环卫工人的潜在危害更大.     

Simultaneous preconcentration of cadmium and lead in water samples with silica gel and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A new method that utilizes pretreated silica gel as an adsorbent has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cd(II) and Pb(II) prior to the measurement by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effects of pH, the shaking time, the elution condition and the coexisting ions on the separation/preconcentration conditions of analytes were investigated. Under optimized conditions, the static adsorption capacity of Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 45.5 and 27.1mg/g, the relative standard deviations were 3.2% and 1.7% (for n = 11), and the limits of detection obtained were 4.25 and 0.60 ng/mL, respectively. The method was validated by analyzing the certified reference materials GBW 07304a (stream sediment) and successfully applied to the analysis of various treated wastewater samples with satisfactory results.     

荧光桃红-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵检测有机磷农药残留总量

在pH为6.40的B-R缓冲溶液中,荧光桃红与一定浓度的溴化十六烷基三甲基胺发生荧光增强反应,加入有机磷农药后,体系的荧光强度降低,且降低程度与有机磷农药的加入量呈良好的线性关系,建立了用此荧光法来测定有机磷农药残留总量的新方法.在优化试验条件下,线性范围为0.008-0.72 mg·L-1,检出限为0.05 mg·L...