微波蔗渣中孔生物质炭对水中对氯苯酚的吸附特性

通过微波快速热解活化技术制备并探究了中孔蔗渣生物质炭对水中对氯苯酚的吸附性能、影响因素及等温吸附行为与动力学特性。结果表明,微波活化蔗渣炭富含微中孔结构,主要分布在2~5 nm,对水中对氯苯酚的吸附值高达165 mg·g-1,5 min内完成饱和吸附量的75%,表明中孔蔗渣炭是去除对氯苯酚的良好吸附材料。值得注意的是,蔗渣中孔炭对对氯苯酚吸附性能与效率均高于以微孔为主的市售炭粉与炭纤维,说明介孔结构的存在可缩短被吸附物质到达吸附活性点的路径,增大多孔炭对水中有机物的捕捉机率,增强多孔炭对水中对氯苯酚的吸附效率。降低溶液pH和温度有利于中孔蔗渣炭对水中对氯苯酚的吸附,吸附行为符合弗兰德里希和雷德利克·彼得森模型,表明吸附呈多分子层的指数分布。     

UV/H2O2光化学氧化降解对氯苯酚废水的反应动力学

研究了UV/H₂O₂体系降解对氯苯酚废水的过程及动力学结果表明,反应降解速率与双氧水加入量、污染物初始浓度及载气种类有关.在双氧水理论投加量一半的情况下,通入氧气或空气,总酚的降解率可达到96%,COD_Cr去除率接近50%.反应体系加入载气,显著影响污染物的去除率.在本实验中,总酚降解为拟一级反应.     

O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2加入量的简易控制方法

对与臭氧有着不同反应活性的3类有机污染物，探讨并建立了O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2较优投加量的简易控制方法。结果表明，水中存在溶解臭氧是H2O2与臭氧降解效率具有协同作用的必要条件，另外，H2O2的较优加入量直接依赖于目标有机污染物与臭氧的反应活性。对于不同的有机物及在常规的臭氧化水处理时间内，H2O2加入量控制在单独臭氧化处理时水中溶解臭氧的20-30倍（质量比）之间为宜。这种简易控制H2O2加入量的方法对推广O3／H2O2技术在实际废水处理中的应用具有重要的意义。     

羟胺强化Fenton反应降解水中氯酚

针对传统Fenton体系Fe（Ⅲ）累积和pH适用范围过窄等缺点,采用羟胺（HA）强化的HA-Fenton体系,以对氯苯酚（4-CP）为目标污染物进行降解实验,考察了Fe（Ⅱ）投加量、H2O2投加量、HA投加量和溶液pH等工艺条件对4-CP去除率的影响。实验结果表明：HA-Fenton体系适用于酸性和弱酸性条件,最佳pH范围为3.0~4.0;在溶液pH为3.0、Fe（Ⅱ）投加量为5.0 μmol/L、H2O2投加量为0.4 mmol/L、HA投加量为0.20 mmol/L的最适条件下,反应10 min, 4-CP去除率达64.25 %。     

高频超声波降解4-氯酚的反应机理及试验研究

探讨了高频超声波（1.7MHz)降解4-氯酚的反应过程和反应机理，研究了高频超声波降解4-氯酚的效果及4-氯酚的初始浓度，高级氧化方法（AOPs)等因素对降解效果的影响。试验结果表明，高频超声波降解4-氯酚为一级反应，超声波空化效应在降解过程中起主导作用。超声波与其他氧化方法联用可大大提高降解效率。具有良好的工业应用前景。     

3种高级氧化体系处理氯苯及其稳定中间体

在运用芬顿(Fe2+/H2O2)、亚铁离子活化过硫酸钠(Fe2+/PS)和碱活化过硫酸钠(NaOH/PS)3种氧化体系处理典型污染物氯苯(CB)时,发现了3种氧化体系在氧化CB过程中对氯苯酚中间体(4-CP)产生量存在较大差异.探究了氧化剂用量对3种氧化体系降解CB及中间体4-CP的影响,通过总有机碳和游离氯离子浓度变...     

固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性

为了获得固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性,用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-活性炭微胶囊对实验室保存的对氯苯酚降解菌株进行固定化,在生物流化床中用固定化菌株在不同单因素实验条件下降解对氯苯酚废水,用气相色谱仪测定废水中对氯苯酚的降解率.结果表明,固定化对氯苯酚降解菌株处理污水的适宜条件为:HRT为72 h,微胶囊接种体积...     

Development of chitosan-alginate based biosorbent for the removal of p-chlorophenol from aqueous medium

Removal of p-chlorophenol (pCP) from synthetic aqueous solutions was studied through adsorption on a biosorbent developed from chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA), the natural cationic and anionic polysaccharides, respectively. Chitosan-coated sodium alginate beads were prepared and treated with calcium chloride solution in order to improve the stability as well as hydrophobic character. The resulting beads (CS/CA) were characterized using FTIR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET surface analysis. The efficiency of this biosorbent in removing pCP from aqueous medium was studied under batch equilibrium and dynamic column flow experimental conditions. The binding capacity of the biosorbent was studied as a function of initial pH, contact time, initial concentration of adsorbate and amount of biomass. The data were fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Weber–Morris models and found that the adsorption process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Further, the equilibrium data were fitted to Freundlich, Langmiur, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms and the isotherm constants were evaluated for adsorption of pCP. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CS/CA beads was found to be 127 mg g^?1. Column flow results were used to generate breakthrough curves. The experimental results suggested that the chitosan–calcium alginate blended biosorbent was effective for the removal of pCP from aqueous medium.     

对氯酚的生物降解及其污染土壤的生物修复探索

从天津农芭厂混合土壤中分离到一株能够降解对氯酚的黄单胞菌Ｄ－１,在此基础上,研究了该菌株对对氯酚的降解特性和将Ｄ－１菌株加入模拟对氯污染土壤中的生物修复试验。     

Evidence against hydroxyl radical mechanism in photo-Fenton degradation of p-chlorophenol

This paper provides evidence for the degradation of organic pollutant by the photo-Fenton complex mechanism. Both the complex oxidation and HO. oxidation mechanisms were verified by p-chlorophenol degradation, UV/Vis spectra anaylsis, and quantum yield. The hydroxyl radical involved in the photo-Fenton process can also be generated from the decomposition of H2O2, photolysis of Fe^3＋ and degradation of hydrated Fe（Ⅵ）-complex, excepting the traditional Fenton reaction.