典型胶合板制造企业VOCs排放特征

通过苏玛罐采样和GC-MS/FID分析系统,测定了山东地区典型胶合板制造企业的VOCs排放特征.结果表明,烷烃（13.81%~39.16%）、含氧VOCs（5.68%~36.06%）和芳香烃（3.58%~48.12%）是热压和涂胶工艺主要排放成分,废气排口以含氧VOCs（6.49%~83.88%）排放为主,不同工艺环节的特征VOCs组分各有不同;烯炔烃（27.12%~39.38%）和芳香烃（32.47%~45.63%）是热压工艺和涂胶工艺的高OFP组分,废气排口则以含氧VOCs（52.82%）对O₃生成贡献最大;基于SOAP评估,各环节均以芳香烃类化合物（97.08%~98.03%）为主要活性组分;测得山东地区胶合板制造行业VOCs排放因子为0.89g VOCs/m³胶合板.     

室内火灾条件下复合板装潢材料火灾特性的实验研究

运用ＩＳＯ Ｒｏｏｍ方法在全尺寸室内墙角火源条件下进行了复合板装潢材料火灾特性的研究,详细讨论了复合板的点燃,火焰传播和炭化物性以及室内火灾的发展过程。在墙角火源条件下,内火灾发展过程可分为四个不同阶段,而在每一发展阶段,东面和北面墙上复合板分别存在四个和三个明显不同的区域。当区域四内的复合板东面和北面墙上复合板分别存在四个和三个明显不同的区域。     

金属催化剂对油漆板材催化热解产物的影响

研究使用CaCO3、CaO、Fe2O3、还原铁粉、Na2CO35种金属催化剂对油漆板材进行热解,收集固、液两相产物进行产率计算和检测分析.结果表明,5种催化剂都有效提高了热解固相产物的产率,CaCO3、Na2CO3以及还原铁粉可以增加液相产品产率.钛元素在所有催化热解固相产物含量均较高,可能造成潜在的环境污染.热解液相...     

Relationship Between Bird Abundances and Landscape Characteristics: The Influence of Scale

Scale is important to consider when investigating effects of the environment on a species. Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data and landscape metrics derived from aerial photographs were evaluated to determine how relationships of bird abundances with landscape variables changed over a continuous range of 16 spatial scales. We analyzed the average number of birds per stop (1985–1994) for five songbird species (family Cardinalidae) for each of 50 stops on 198 BBS transects throughout six states in the Central Plains, USA. Land along each transect was categorized into six cover types, and landscape metrics of fractal dimension (a measure of shape complexity of habitat patches), edge density, patch density, and percent area were calculated, with principal components used to construct composite environmental variables. Associations of bird abundances and landscape variables changed in accordance with small scale changes. Abundances of three species were correlated with edge density and one with component I, which subsumes initial variables of patch density for urban, closed forest, open forest, and open country. Fractal dimension and component II (summarizing amount of closed forest versus open country) were associated with the most species. Correlation patterns of fractal dimension with northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) and painted bunting (Passerina ciris) abundances were similar, with highest correlations at intermediate to small scales, suggesting indirectly that these species thrive in areas where local habitat conditions are most important. Multiscale analysis can provide insight into the spatial scale(s) at which species respond, a topic of intrinsic scientific interest with applied implications for researchers establishing protocols to assess and monitor avian populations.     

Effect of the Pretreatment with UV and Gamma Radiations on the Modification of Plywood Surface by Photocuring with Epoxy Acrylate

In order to further improve the physical properties of plywood surface that was pretreated with UV and Gamma radiation at different radiation intensities before photocuring. After pretreatment with radiation the plywood surface was coated with different prepared formulations containing epoxyacrylate (EA-1020) as an oligomer, difunctional monomers such as tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), 2-hexadioldiacrylate (HDDA), Ethylene Glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and trifunctional monomer trimethyl propen triacrylate (TMPTA) with photoinitiator Darocur 1664. Thin polymer films were prepared on glass plate with these formulated solutions and cured under UV radiation. Pendulum hardness (PH) and gel content of the film were studied for selecting the formulations as top coat and as base coat. The polished plywood surface was coated with selected formulation and cured under UV radiation. Various rheological properties of UV cured plywood surface such as pendulum hardness, scratch hardness, microgloss, adhesion strength, percentage chipped off area and abrasion resistance were studied.     

造纸黑液木质素用于制备人造板胶粘剂的研究

分别采用硫酸、硝酸和盐酸从造纸黑液中提取木质素,以此替代部分苯酚.制备改性人造板用酚醛树脂胶粘剂,并测定其固体含量、动力黏度(40℃)、游离甲醛含量和胶合强度等性能;考察了3种酸析木质素掺入量、催化剂(氧氧化钠)加入量和苯酚与甲醛摩尔比(简称酚醛比)对木质素酚醛树脂胶粘剂性能的影响.结果表明,当硫酸、硝酸木质素掺入量为苯酚用量的20%(质量分数,下同)时,获得的胶粘剂性能较好;以硝酸木质素掺入量为苯酚用量的20%为例,当氢氧化钠加入量为苯酚用量的0.6%(质量分数)、酚醛比为1.0:1.5时.制备的硝酸木质素酚醛树脂胶粘剂胶合性能较好.用木质素替代部分苯酚,不仅可以降低产品成本,而且减少了苯酚的用量,更环保.     

Laboratory studies of dissipation of 14C‐DDT from soil and plywood surfaces

Abstract

The effects of temperature and solar radiation on dissipation of ¹⁴C‐p,p'‐DDT from a latosol soil were studied under laboratory conditions. Volatilization was measured by trapping organic volatiles during 6 weeks and was found to increase with rise of temperature from 3.8% of initial amount at ambient temperature to 5.9% at 45°C.

Studies on the effect of solar radiation using quartz tubes under sterilized and non‐sterilized conditions have shown that volatilized organics were highest in quartz tubes, with soil microflora presumably playing a very minor role in volatilization. Mineralization was shown to be low in sterilized systems and highest in non‐sterilized quartz systems. Studies on binding suggest that soil bioactivity may be involved in the formation of a portion of the bound residue. These laboratory experiments seem to support data from the field, where it is maintained that volatilization is a major mechanism for dissipation. Degradation in soil and to a lesser extent solar irradiation contribute also substantially to the dissipation mechanisms. Radiocarbon dissipated from plywood surfaces under indoor conditions in a biphasic fashion. Loss of 50% occurred after 5.5 weeks while the remainder dissipated at a very slow rate.     

Connectivity in an Agricultural Landscape as Reflected by Interpond Movements of a Freshwater Turtle

Abstract:  Connectivity is a measure of how landscape features facilitate movement and thus is an important factor in species persistence in a fragmented landscape. The scarcity of empirical studies that directly quantify species movement and determine subsequent effects on population density have, however, limited the utility of connectivity measures in conservation planning. We undertook a 4-year study to calculate connectivity based on observed movement rates and movement probabilities for five age-sex classes of painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta ) inhabiting a pond complex in an agricultural landscape in northern Virginia (U.S.A.). We determined which variables influenced connectivity and the relationship between connectivity and subpopulation density. Interpatch distance and quality of habitat patches influenced connectivity but characteristics of the intervening matrix did not. Adult female turtles were more influenced by the habitat quality of recipient ponds than other age-sex classes. The importance of connectivity on spatial population dynamics was most apparent during a drought. Population density and connectivity were low for one pond in a wet year but dramatically increased as other ponds dried. Connectivity is an important component of species persistence in a heterogeneous landscape and is strongly dependent on the movement behavior of the species. Connectivity may reflect active selection or avoidance of particular habitat patches. The influence of habitat quality on connectivity has often been ignored, but our findings highlight its importance. Conservation planners seeking to incorporate connectivity measures into reserve design should not ignore behavior in favor of purely structural estimates of connectivity.     

Effects of Roads on the Structure of Freshwater Turtle Populations

Abstract:  Road mortality has the potential to alter the structure of turtle populations because turtle populations are highly sensitive to additive sources of adult mortality. To address the issue, we captured painted turtles (   Chrysemys picta ; n = 174) and snapping turtles (   Chelydra serpentina ; n = 56) in 18 wetlands surrounded by low road density (≤1.5 km roads/km² of landscape) and 17 wetlands surrounded by high road density (>1.5 km/km²) in central New York in 2002. High road density was associated with male-biased sex ratios in painted turtles (74% vs. 54% males; p = 0.01) and snapping turtles (95% vs. 74% males; p = 0.08), whereas turtle morphology and abundance were not associated with road density. Disproportionate road mortality of females on nesting migrations is the most likely cause of skewed sex ratios.     

胶合板VOC释放率测量及其对室内环境影响评价

以胶合板为研究对象,采用1m3气候箱模拟室内环境,利用气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC-MS),研究胶合板挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的释放规律.同时,对胶合板VOC释放量进行定量分析,依据《室内环境质量评价标准》对该胶合板被利用到室内环境可能造成的污染进行评价.结果表明,在释放初期,各类化合物及TVOC质量浓度较大,后逐渐下降,在第14 d基本稳定,其中以芳香烃类化合物和烷烃类化合物的质量浓度下降最为迅速,第28 d胶合板VOC释放量为稳定值,被用于定量分析胶合板VOC的释放水平.单独使用该胶合板的室内空气质量满足室内空气品质等级的一级标准.同时确定了单位体积空间的室内环境中该胶合板可利用的暴露面积为6m2.