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Fenton 法降解抗生素磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
应用Fenton高级氧化技术降解水溶液中抗生素磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠(SMMS),系统探讨了起始pH、CSMMS、CFe2+、CH2O2和温度等因素对SMMS降解效果的影响。结果表明:CSMMS=4.53 mg/L,pH=4.0,CH2O2=0.49 mmol/L,CFe2+=19.51μmol/L,T=25℃为最佳反应条件。在最佳条件下,87.4%的SMMS可以在120 min内降解。反应动力学研究表明Fenton氧化降解SMMS分为两个阶段,快速反应阶段和慢速反应阶段,并建立了两阶段动力学模型,模型拟合结果较好。研究结果为含有SMMS的污废水处理提供了基础数据和科学参考。 相似文献
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Sudha Rani Batchu Venkata R. Panditi Piero R. Gardinali 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):200-211
The photochemical fate of seven sulfonamides was investigated in matrices representative of natural water bodies under various light sources. Fundamental photolysis parameters such as molar absorption coefficient, quantum yield (QY) and first-order rate constants were determined. The photolysis decay rate was dependent on the protonation state of the molecule, pH of the water sample and dissolved organic matter. Natural organic matter was the most significant factor in the indirect photolysis of sulfonamides. Half-lives were in the range of minutes at 254 nm to days under natural sunlight. Under natural sunlight, all sulfonamides showed higher removal rates in natural waters implying that indirect photolysis is the predominant mechanism. 相似文献
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John?A.?HowardEmail author Kirby?C.?Donnelly 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2004,17(6):545-558
Transgenic plants are now being used to develop pharmaceutical and industrial products in addition to their use in crop improvement. Using confinement requirements, these transgenic plants are grown and processed under conditions that prevent intermixing with commodity crops. Regulatory agencies in the United States have provided guidance of zero tolerance of these new industrial crops with commodity crops. While this is a worthy goal, it is theoretically unattainable. In spite of the best containment practices, there is a potential risk using any system of production due to unforeseen incidences including natural disasters or exposure to workers. The precautionary principle has been used for numerous regulated articles in addressing the potential risks of new products and technology based on a risk assessment in similar situations. We present here a risk assessment model that could be used as a start to develop an accepted model for the industry. The model is based on current risk models used for other regulated articles, but adapted for these types of products. This could be used to determine action levels in the event of an unintended exposure or to ensure that detection or confinement methods are adequate to avoid risks. As an example, aprotinin, a therapeutic protein now being produced in maize, was evaluated for potential risk to humans using this model. 相似文献
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药品和个人护理用品(Pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)在环境中广泛存在,威胁生态环境和人类健康,受到越来越多的关注.本文综述了固体基底中PPCPs的检测方法,总结了国内外污泥、土壤、沉积物等基底中PPCPs的污染现状,并对PPCPs的进一步研究进行了展望.结果表明,PPCPs的检测方法朝多样化和趋优化的方向发展.污泥样品中PPCPs种类多、浓度高(μg·kg-1—mg·kg-1),土壤和沉积物中虽然浓度不高,但是总量不可小觑.目前,固体基底中的PPCPs还需要更全面和更广泛的研究. 相似文献
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采用固相萃取–高效液相色谱/串联质谱法,分析上海市某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中7种典型药物和个人护理品(PPCPs)的浓度水平,并考察该填埋场的渗滤液处理工艺对目标PPCPs的处理效果.结果表明,所建立的分析方法具备较好的回收率(89%~173%)、相对标准偏差(<20%)和方法检出限(0.025~1.0μg/L),能满足实际环境样品的分析需要.应用该方法检测到渗滤液中目标PPCPs的含量在低于检出限(90%,总去除率可达到97%以上,出水PPCPs浓度范围为 相似文献
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采用污水流行病学的方法,研究了2020年新冠疫情期间及前后广东省某市生活污水中两种典型精神药物甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮的赋存特征及其变化情况,并运用手机信令数据分析人口总数、结构特征及其变动规律,进而将两者结合分析了疫情期间及前后两种药物的消费量变化特征.结果表明,疫情期间该市实际人口相对于疫情前下降了约45%,两种药物总消费量相对于疫情前下降了约75%.总消费量的显著下降很大程度是由疫情期间实际人口下降造成的.实际上,疫情期间该市甲基苯丙胺和氯胺酮的人均消费水平相对于疫情前下降不到50%.考虑到疫情期间严格的管控措施,这一下降幅度说明这两种精神类药物滥用极其顽固;而疫情后两种药物的消费量及在环境中的浓度又基本恢复到疫情前的水平,进一步证明了精神类药物滥用的顽固性. 相似文献
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Gabriela V. Aguirre-Martnez Sara Buratti Elena Fabbri Angel T. DelValls M. Laura Martn-Daz 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(7):1408-1418
Although pharmaceuticals have been detected in the environment only in the range from ng/L to g/L, it has been demonstrated that they can adversely affect the health status of aquatic organisms. Lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) has previously been applied as an indicator of cellular well-being to determine health status in bivalve mussels. The objective of this study is to evaluate LMS in Ruditapes philippinarum haemolymph using the neutral red retention assay (NRRA). Clams were exposed in laboratory conditions to caffeine (0.1, 5, 15, 50 μg/L), ibuprofen (0.1, 5, 10, 50 μg/L), carbamazepine and novobiocin (both at 0.1, 1, 10, 50 μg/L) for 35 days. Results show a dose-dependent effect of the pharmaceuticals. The neutral red retention time measured at the end of the bioassay was significantly reduced by 50% after exposure to environmental concentrations (p < 0.05) (caffeine = 15 μg/L; ibuprofen = 10 μg/L; carbamazepine = 1 μg/L and novobiocin = 1 μg/L), compared to controls. Clams exposed to these pharmaceuticals were considered to present a diminished health status (retention time < 45 min), significantly worse than controls (96 min) (p < 0.05). The predicted no environmental effect concentration (PNEC) results showed that these pharmaceuticals are very toxic at the environmental concentrations tested. Measurement of the alteration of LMS has been found to be a sensitive technique that enables evaluation of the health status of clams after exposure to pharmaceuticals under laboratory conditions, thus representing a robust Tier-1 screening biomarker. 相似文献