Geochemical characteristics of surficial sediments in a tropical estuary, south-west India

Geochemical characteristics of surficial sediments in the Panangad region of Cochin estuary, the largest brackish-water humid ecosystem in the south-west coast of India, were analysed. Temporal variations in nutrient stoichiometry, seasonal characteristics of redox elements Fe and S, and the phosphorus geochemistry were employed for the purpose. The stoichiometric analysis pointed towards autochthonous origin of organic matter, possibility of nitrogen limitation, and allochthonous modification of redox conditions. Seasonal variations were not statistically significant for all the geochemical parameters, whereas significant spatial variations were observed with lower values at sandy stations, suggesting that the texture of the sediments is the main factor influencing the sediment geochemistry. Significant inter-relations between the geochemical parameters also suggest a common control mechanism. Based on these geochemical characteristics, the study region can be effectively categorized into two distinct zones, viz. (1) erosion and transportation and (2) deposition zones.     

Dynamics and Causation of Environmental Equity, Locally Unwanted Land Uses, and Neighborhood Changes

/ Why are some environmental risks distributed disproportionately in the neighborhoods of the minorities and the poor? A hypothesis was proposed in a recent study that market dynamics contributed to the current environmental inequity. That is, locally unwanted land uses (LULUs) make the host communities home to more poor people and people of color. This hypothesis was allegedly supported by a Houston case study, whereby its author analyzed the postsiting changes of the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhoods surrounding solid waste facilities. I argue that such an analysis of postsiting changes alone is insufficient to test the causation hypothesis. Instead, I propose a conceptual framework for analysis of environmental equity dynamics and causation. I suggest that the presiting neighborhood dynamics and the characteristics of control neighborhoods be analyzed as the first test for the causation hypothesis. Furthermore, I present theories of neighborhood change and then examine alternative hypotheses that these theories offer for explaining neighborhood changes and for the roles of LULUs in neighborhood changes. These alternative hypotheses should be examined when analyzing the relationship between LULUs and neighborhood changes in a metropolitan area. Using this framework of analysis, I revisited the Houston case. First, I found no evidence that provided support for the hypothesis that the presence of LULUs made the neighborhoods home to more blacks and poor people, contrary to the conclusion made by the previous study. Second, I examined alternative hypotheses for explaining neighborhood changes-invasion-succession, other push forces, and neighborhood life-cycle; the former two might offer better explanation.KEY WORDS: Environmental equity and justice; Locally unwanted lane uses; Siting; Market dynamics; Invasion-succession; Neighborhood changes     

铁路环境噪声对居民冲击影响的模糊综合评价

铁路环境噪声对居民的冲击影响程度不仅与列车运行辐射噪声级有关，而且还与人口密度，及白天、夜间的人口比例等因素有关。考虑以上诸多因素，采用模糊综合评价方法进行铁路环境噪声对居民的冲击影响的综合比较评价，并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性，为铁路环境噪声评价提供了新的方法。     

循环流化床锅炉床温控制方法

就目前电厂循环流化床锅炉运行中存在的床温波动问题，讨论了导致床温波动的因素，并针对性地提出了控制床温的一些措施。     

HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的构建与分子动力学模拟

目的 从微观分子的角度对硝酸羟胺(HAN)基电控固体推进剂(Electrically Controlled Solid Propellants,ECSP)的性能参数进行模拟与计算。方法 利用分子表面静电势(ESP)对HAN分子2种可能的构型进行优化和稳定性分析。通过真空非周期性分子动力学模拟得到聚乙烯醇(PVA)分子稳定构型,并以HAN基ECSP的主要成分按一定比例构建凝胶模型。基于RESP(Restrained Electrostatic Potential)电荷生成更准确的凝胶模型拓扑文件,并进行凝胶模型的分子动力学模拟、模型稳定分析以及模型参数计算。结果 凝胶模型总能量相对平均值的周期性波动不超过7%。由于三维PVA链的包裹,H2O分子的扩散系数被大幅削弱。氢键分析和径向分布函数表明氢键键长主要分布在0.282 6 nm附近,PVA与H2O间的氢键较少,H2O与HAN、H2O与H2O之间的氢键较多。模型密度为1.405 g/cm³,与实验值吻合度高。在283、293、303 K下,HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的拉伸模量依次降低,剪切模量先增后减。在15 K/600 ps冷却速率下,HAN基ECSP凝胶模型的拉伸模量和剪切模量均增大。结论 ECSP制备结束后,冷却过程中的环境温度不宜过高,否则容易造成ECSP力学性能的快速下降,快速冷却可以提高ECSP的力学性能。     

四川省米易县新农村建设可持续发展SD分析——用系统观透视

县域新农村建设必然受到当地自然—社会—经济中众多因素及其复杂关系的制约.为了从长期性与整体性角度考察四川省米易县社会、经济、生态环境与新农村建设之间的相互作用关系,建立了由米易县系统动力学模型为主干,生态足迹模型和SWOT模型为支撑的米易县新农村建设可持续发展分析模型,以透视米易县新农村建设的前景,探讨规划的理论依据.     

大渡河流域电站建设对保护鱼类的影响及对策措施研究

为弄清大渡河流域电站建设对虎嘉鱼等5种保护鱼类的影响情况,探索适宜的保护措施,在流域枯水和丰水期分别选择了电站建设上下游6个有代表性的断面采集水样,采用电感耦合等离子发射光谱法等方法测定了重金属元素等16个指标,用单因子和综合指数评价法对电站上下游水质进行了对比评价;采用实地调查的方法调查了5种保护鱼类在近10年间种群数量的变化趋势。结果表明：电站建设对水质综合影响指数在1．64—1．82之间,影响严重;5种保护鱼类种群数量近10年间急剧下降,目前已为未见或罕见。     

乳化液废水均相催化湿式氧化动力学

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,以高浓度难降解乳化废水为处理对象,研究了温度对铜盐均相湿式氧化的影响和动力学特征.结果表明:升高温度对加快后期反应速度更为有利,催化剂有利于中间产物氧化,在200℃催化活性最高,在进水COD48 400mg/L,反应2h去除率为86.6%;催化剂在不同温度作用下机制有所差别:200℃时3个途径反应速度均加快,中间产物加速氧化更明显;220～240℃时反应向生成中间产物方向偏移,活性降低;通用模型能较好地预测均相催化过程.     

内燃机曲轴系振动响应的多体系统动力学分析方法

介绍了运用多体系统动力学进行内燃机曲轴系振动响应分析的方法.通过综合运用CAD建模、有限元分析以及机械系统仿真等技术,可以建立包括曲轴柔性体以及随曲轴一起转动的零件刚性体在内的整个曲轴系的模型,计算零件间的相互作用,分析曲轴的动态变形.建立了某车用内燃机曲轴系的多体系统动力学模型,并对其振动响应进行了计算.     

灾害视角下基于隐患因素的生态安全演变机理与系统动力学特征

通过"灾害学"视角认识和理解生态安全,针对隐患因素对安全状态的影响,探讨了生态安全演变的隐患触发传递与响应控制机理,并从系统动力学的视角论述生态安全是反馈的动力系统和非线性的动态系统特征。研究表明,生态安全因素分析必须包含隐患因素分析;安全评价要素范围必须扩展。生态安全系统由隐患触发传递系统和响应控制管理系统组成,且两系统之间以及子系统各要素之间相互影响、相互联系,是隐患因素不断触发、传递、响应和控制的复合高阶演变过程,具有非线性灾变性、自组织及被组织性和有序与无序的动态性。