Tolerance of calluna vulgaris and peatland plant communities to sulphuric acid deposition

Critical loads offer a unique way of evaluating impacts of acid deposition by quantifying environmental sensitivity. The critical loads of acidity for UK peat soils have been based upon an arbitrary reduction in pH of 0.2 units. This chemical shift needs to be better related to adverse effects on sensitive biological receptors. It is known that effective precipitation pH equates closely to soil solution pH, and the latter is directly linkable to biotic effects of pH change. On continuation of a long-term experiment assessing impacts of simulated acid rain on peat microcosms in a realistic outdoor environment, Calluna vulgaris continued to flourish at acid deposition loads well above the existing critical load. Calluna plants were harvested and analysed, and acid deposition treatments to the microcosms continued to allow natural vegetation to regenerate. A diverse mixture of moorland plants and bryophytes established at acidity treatments well above the existing critical load, and only a very high acid load resulted in no natural regeneration. A critical effective rain pH value of 3.6 is suggested as a basis for setting critical loads. At this pH, Calluna grows well, and a healthy diverse vegetation community re-establishes when harvested. It is suggested that the peat critical load should be set at the acid load that, at any specific site, would result in a mean effective precipitation pH of 3.6.     

酸雨对种子萌发影响的实验研究

采用ＰＨ值２．５、３．０、３．５、４．５的酸雨处理小麦种子，观察种子的萌发率、平均萌发天数和萌发势。结果表明：酸雨对种子的萌发率和平均萌发无显著影响，但对种子萌发势有显著影响。     

玉溪市中心城区酸雨变化趋势分析

以1991年至2000年实测数据为依据，揭示了玉溪市中心城区10年来酸雨的变化规律及其发展趋势。     

减缓贫水化过程的途径再议

根据贫水化的严重形势，应用水循环的原理，提出了减缓贫水化的几个主要途径，对解决城市淡水短缺有参考意义。     

渭河径流特性研究

由于工农业的快速发展,渭河径流逐年减少,污染加重,河道淤积不断发展,洪涝灾害时有发生,对中下游人民生产生活造成严重影响.为了减少洪害,减轻污染,必须保证渭河常年径流稳定.     

电子产品野外环境下温循加速载荷谱编制方法

目的 将电子产品在野外环境下日变化波动与季节差异明显的温度载荷编制成温循载荷谱和转换为加速载荷谱。方法 通过四点雨流计数法提取原谱中的载荷循环信息,对提取的循环信息进行分布拟合、相关性检验等统计分析,进而构建循环均值与范围值的联合概率密度函数,再运用概率密度法,编制出8×8二维环境载荷谱。在二维载荷谱基础上,编制出温循载荷谱,使用针对电子部件参数修正的加速方程转化为加速载荷谱。结果 利用野外作业现场1个作业周期内的气温纪录,提供了一套编制温循载荷谱和转换加速载荷谱的合理化流程和解决方案。结论 该制谱方法可以利用原始环境谱中绝大部分有效信息,较好地还原电子部件野外作业阶段经历的温度变化过程,为电子产品的加速寿命试验和使用寿命预测奠定基础。     

镇江城市径流颗粒粒径分布及其与污染物的关系

为了解城市中不同粒径颗粒物对于径流中污染物的影响,2006年3月在镇江城市不同功能区地表采集了沉积物样品和径流样品,分析了颗粒物的粒径分布和污染物浓度.结果表明,晴天条件下道路沉积物主要由粒径＜250μm的颗粒组成;降雨初期主要为＜5μm的颗粒物随径流迁移,随降雨历时的延长较大颗粒开始随径流迁移,降雨期间随地表径流迁移主要为小于150μm的颗粒物,特别是5～40μm粒径段的颗粒要特别予以关注;同时污染物浓度也由降雨初期的高浓度逐渐下降并趋于稳定.明确了径流中污染物的主要输出形态,并通过分析不同降雨历时污染物与固体悬浮物和颗粒粒径的相关性探明了径流污染物形态输出的原因,从而为城市非点源污染的管理以及控制方法的选择提供科学依据.     

Validation of an agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed, China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data onten storms. Thedata on eight stormsin 2002 were used for calibration while data on two stormswere used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0. 99 and 0. 98 for runoff, 0. 94 and 0. 95 forthe peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0. 76 forthe sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak nmofr rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivitv and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.     

喀斯特坡地地表径流系数监测初报

通过对喀斯特坡地6种不同土地利用条件下径流小区的地表径流和植被穿透雨量以及地下水出口水位变化进行野外定点连续观测研究,结果表明,6个径流小区地表径流系数均非常小,介于0.01%~12.81%。显然,喀斯特坡地的地表径流易于入渗转化为地下径流。受人为活动影响较大的径流小区,地表径流系数随降雨量的变化呈指数函数型变化特征,容易产生地表径流系数的突变式增长。