云南省利用水泥回转窑处置危险废物的前景

利用独特的设备和水泥窑的工艺特点,用废物代替水泥生产中的原材料,合理处置危险废物,使环境治理和循环经济达到有效的结合,是一项废物处理和资源化的新途径,是水泥生产企业可持续发展的方向之一,具有广阔的发展前景。     

回转窑煅烧石油焦清洁生产方案研究

在回转窑煅烧石油焦的过程中,大量的高温烟气和比较严重的粉尘是污染环境的主要因素。文章以清洁生产理论为依据,综合论述了回转窑煅烧石油焦全过程,并对污染处理和资源、能源综合利用等方案进行了研究。在我国,比较成熟的清洁生产技术是采用余热回收蒸汽和袋式除尘技术。回转窑产能大,机械化程度较高,投资少,建设速度快,所产生的污染物易控制,维修费用低,换料容易,是大规模煅烧焦厂家应优先采用的石油焦煅烧设备。     

浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器处理啤酒废水试验

研究了新型浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器(SDRAnMBR)处理模拟啤酒废水的运行性能.研究结果表明,SDRAnMBR对啤酒废水有较好的处理效果,处理过程负荷提高快,有机物去除率高,系统耐冲击负荷的能力强,而且运行非常稳定.正常运行期间,进水COD在2900～5200mg·L-1,容积负荷为4.97～12.48kg·m-·3d-1(以COD计)时,COD的平均去除率为95.15%.膜截留和三相旋转流的共同作用,加强了在高污泥浓度(MLSS)和高负荷条件下运行时的混合和传质,从而强化了SDRAnMBR在高MLSS和高容积负荷下运行的稳定性和出水水质.     

废物水泥窑共处置产品中重金属释放量研究

通过模拟煅烧实验制取水泥熟料,并采用国标GB/T 17671-1999制取混凝土样品.选用EA NEN7371和EA NEN7375浸出方法,利用基于菲克扩散第二定律的一维扩散模型对废物水泥窑共处置产品（混凝土）中重金属长期累积释放量进行了研究.结果表明,混凝土中重金属的最大释放量低于总量;各种重金属在混凝土中的扩散系数不同,且Cr>As>Ni>Cd; Cr、As、Ni和Cd 30a的累积释放量分别为4.43、 0.46、 1.50和0.02 mg/kg,释放率（累积释放量/最大释放量）分别为27.0%、 18.0%、 3.0%和0.2%;扩散系数是影响重金属累积释放量的重要因素,且两者表现出较好的相关性;Cr和As的扩散系数较大（分别为1.15E-15 m²/s和6.42E-16 m²/s）,应重点控制其进入水泥窑处置过程的总量.     

危险废物回转窑焚烧系统的控制参数分析及调节方法研究

随着我国经济的迅速发展,危险废物产量持续增长,它们带来了严重的社会危害和环境危害。焚烧法是一种高温热处理技术,危险废物通过焚烧处理可实现无害化、减量化和资源化。回转窑焚烧系统具有处置范围广、处理量大、焚毁率高、安全可靠和可长期持续运行等特点,被国内外广泛应用。文章通过分析回转窑焚烧系统的主要控制参数,根据工程运行的实际经验,绘制了回转窑焚烧系统控制参数和焚毁率关系图,并提出了“最佳焚烧区域”的概念,对于回转窑焚烧系统的调试和运行工作,有积极的指导作用和重要的现实意义。     

新型转式垃圾焚烧过程中脱氯脱硫机理的研究

为了探讨有机垃圾焚烧过程钙基添加剂对HCl,SO_x生成特性的影响,分别在自行设计的中空水冷转式垃圾焚烧炉和固定床加热炉中进行了一系列的实验,研究结果表明新型转式焚烧炉具有强化传热传质特性,能提高HCl、SO_x的脱除率,可抑制有害气体的生成;同时也研究了 HCl,SO₂气体同时存在时,钙基添加剂对脱氯脱硫效率的影响规律。     

Combustion characteristics of Malaysian municipal solid waste and predictions of air flow in a rotary kiln incinerator

Malaysia is in dire need of alternatives to landfilling for solid waste management. Recently, landfills have faced the problems of overfilling, overflowing of leachates leading to pollution of water resources, and uncontrolled dust emissions adversely affecting the local environment. With the rising cost of urbanization coupled with the high rate of waste generation, one possible method of waste treatment that is receiving particular attention by the government is incineration. Incineration of solid waste is rather new in Malaysia, with limited usage in handling small sources of waste generation such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) of resort islands; however, its potential in ameliorating the problems associated with solid waste treatment may make it an attractive alternative to landfill. This article presents the results of test runs conducted to investigate the performance of a locally designed and manufactured rotary kiln incinerator (RKI). The test runs were conducted using MSW collected from the Shah Alam municipality. The combustion efficiency was analyzed by looking at the temperature profiles and chemical species concentrations. To complement the combustion characteristics measurements, predictions of the air flow in the incinerator during the process were also investigated. The overall performance of the RKI suggests that it is suitable for treating MSW.     

旋转风幕流场的数值模拟及实验研究

基于流体力学中空气射流理论,建立气幕旋风排风罩流场的三维数学模型。影响气幕旋风排风罩效果的因素很多,主要包括:射流气动参数、吹吸气动参数以及流动空间的边界条件和装置结构等。针对不同送风速度、不同送风角度下两种情况进行分析,并利用FLUENT计算动力学软件对这两种情况下气幕旋风排风罩的流场进行了数值模拟,经过比较确定出最佳效果时的参数,并利用示综烟雾进行了实验。结果表明:所建立的气幕旋风排风罩流场的数学模型完全正确,所确定的最佳效果时的参数和实际情况基本一致,可用于工程实际。     

利用玻纤袋除尘器处理立窑烟气

介绍了机立窑利用玻纤袋除尘器处理立窑烟气进行清洁生产工作机理、效果,以及脱硫原理及监测效果,并提出了几点使用中应注意的问题.     

The use of a sequential leaching procedure for assessing the heavy metal leachability in lime waste from the lime kiln at a caustizicing process of a pulp mill

A five-stage sequential leaching procedure was used to fractionate 13 heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, Ni, Co, As, V, Ba) and sulphur (S) in lime waste from the lime kiln at the causticizing plant of Stora Enso Oyj Veitsiluoto Pulp Mills at Kemi, Northern Finland, into the following fractions: (1) water-soluble fraction (H₂O), (2) exchangeable fraction (CH₃COOH), (3) easily reduced fraction (HONH₃Cl), (4) oxidizable fraction (H₂O₂ + CH₃COONH₄), and (5) residual fraction (HF + HNO₃ + HCl). Although metals were leachable in all fractions, the highest concentrations for most of the metals were observed in the residual fraction (stage 5). It was also notable that the total heavy metal concentrations in lime waste did not exceed the maximal allowable heavy metal concentrations for soil conditioner agents set by the ministry of the Agricultural and Forestry in Finland. The heavy metals concentrations in lime waste were also lower than the maximal allowable heavy metals concentrations of the European Union Directive 86/278/EEC on the protection of environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture. The Ca concentration (420 g kg⁻¹; d.w.) was about 262 times higher than the typical value of 1.6 g kg⁻¹ (d.w.) in arable land in Central Finland. However, the concentration Mg (0.2 g kg⁻¹; d.w.) in lime waste was equal to the Mg concentration in arable land in the Central Finland. The lime waste has strongly alkaline pH (12.8) and a neutralizing value (i.e. liming effect) of 47.9% expressed as Ca equivalents (d.w.). This indicates lime waste to be a potential soil conditioner and improvement as well as a pH buffer.