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在沙尘暴应急监测方法研究中,通过对总悬浮颗粒物采样仪器及各种采样参数的研究确定和降尘采样器的研制,制定出沙尘暴应急监测方法。 相似文献
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以在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟和浑善达克沙地所做的实地调研为基础,对沙尘暴产生及治理环节中的政策和体制问题进行了探讨.分析表明,政策和体制问题才是沙尘暴问题的根源所在:以"自给自足"为核心目标的农业政策与环境政策的不协调和草地资源的公共产权是造成草地退化的诱因,在沙尘暴的治理中存在的责任机制不当、生态建设投资机制不当、草原建设管理缺位以及草原生态环境监管低效等政策和体制中存在的缺陷是沙尘暴无法得到有效控制的根本阻力.提出首先要通过协调农业和环保政策、实施可持续贸易,从源头上减少对资源的需求,从而预防沙尘暴的产生;其次要重点从明确职责和加强基层环保力量入手,提升沙尘暴的治理能力. 相似文献
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On East Asian Sand and Duststorms and Associated Significant Dustfall Observed from January to May 2001 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Monitoring of dust pollution at the western shore of Tae-ahn Peninsula (TAP) and in the Chongju area of central Korea was carried out from January to May 2001. It was found that in Koreathere were 9 cases of sand and duststorms (DS) and 16 associatedsignificant dustfall (SD) days. Observed maximum concentrations of DS and SD coming from NW China and Mongolia were in the rangeof 300–920 for TSP, 200–690 for PM10 and 100–170 g m-3 for PM2.5.Satellite measurements clearly showed the formation and subsequent movement of DS to the Korean Peninsula and onward to the Korea East Sea, Japan and the Gulf of Alaska. According to satellite image analysis of dust clouds there were abundant coarse particles, measuring in size of 11.0 m. Medium-sizedparticles measuring in the range of 3.5–7.0 were also prevalent,while fine particles of less than 2.0 m were less distinctive in reflectivity. Measured values of PM2.5 were alsorelatively low with SD events.The measured average pH values of dusty precipitation associatedwith DS were 7.24. Alkaline precipitation can play a `temporary'role in the neutralization of acidified soil until the subsequentevent of acidic rain. The new selection criteria of SD days from PM2.5 at 85 g m-3, PM10 190 g m-3 and TSP 250 g m-3 are recommended on dust pollution occurring from the invasion of a DS elsewhere. 相似文献
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Chung Yong-Seung Kim Hak-Sung Park Kie-Hyon Dulam Jugder Gao Tao 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):15-35
A joint monitoring of dust-storms that occurred in East Asia from March until May 2003 has been carried. Our discussions include
dust-storm observations in the source areas of China and Mongolia, and measurements with satellites and ground monitors in
central Korea. Differences were found in the definition and measurement of dust-storms. Over the source area of Mongolia there
were 6 dusty days in March, 18 days in April, and 10 dusty days in May. In Inner Mongolia of northern China there were 4 dust-storms
with 14 dusty days observed over the three months. In central Korea, a sink area, there were 4 cases of weak dust-storm and
17 dusty days in the spring of 2003. The highest PM10 value was 607 μgm−3 and PM 2.3 was 149 μgm−3, respectively. These observations identify the growing need for further universal observation practices and dust-storm reporting
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Observations indicated that snow covered the central part of the Gobi Desert, near the boundary of China and Mongolia, from
December until mid-March. This is in contrast to other years when the Gobi was relatively wet, producing unfavourable conditions
for the formation of intense dust-storms. In addition, the very strong winds associated with intense cyclones and anticyclones
were not apparent and the systems shifted northward during the spring. As a result, the frequency and intensity of observed
dust-storms in 2003 in this region were very low. This confirms that there is variability in the frequency of dust-storm formation
due to the current process of desertification and climate change. 相似文献
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Chung Y. S. Kim H. S. Jugder D. Natsagdorj L. Chen S. J. 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(2):5-19
Monitoring of the occurrence of sandstorms and dustfallphenomena from 1997 to 2000 was carried out. We refer tosandstorms, duststorms and blowing sand as the phenomenaoccurring in the source region, while significant dustfall is thephenomenon that occur in the sink area. It was noted that while the sandstorms in deserts and loess in NW-N China and Mongolia occurred any time during the year while severe sandstorms occurred frequently from March to May after the springthaw. The wind erosion in the source region usually occurred withwind speeds greater than 8 ms-1. However, severe sandstorm phenomenon occurred with wind greater than 15 ms-1 for at least 3 hr or more. In the source regions, sandstorms occurred over60–120 days per year. In Mongolia, the observation of thenumber of sandstorm days decreased due to the increase in rainy days.When a dust cloud from a desert reached the sink region,significant dustfall in the Korean Peninsula occurred due tothe lack of strong winds. We defined the episode ofsignificant dustfall (SD) with the following values: TSP250, PM10 190 g m-3 and visibility 6.5 km or less. In Korea, 8–12 episodes of SD occurred per yearwith 12 to 22 SD days. The maximum concentrations of TSP recorded were 989–1396 g m-3 with PM10 values of 861–996 g m-3 and with the lowestvisibility of 1.4–1.6 km. 相似文献
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