黄河流域水资源价值的计算与分析

利用经济杠杆的调节作用促使水资源的高效利用，是缓和水资源供需矛盾的有效措施之一。本文以水资源价值理论为基础，从黄河全流域水资源优化配置角度出发，以利用水资源获得最大经济效益为目标，测算了黄河水资源的理论价值，为制定黄河水资源费的征收标准提供科学的理论依据。     

风电场环境影响评价原则及评价重点研究

针对风电场环境影响评价的评价原则及评价重点进行了探讨性的研究。提出了风电场环境影响评价应以早期介入和避让措施优先为基本原则;对风电场环境影响评价重点进行了识别,并提出风电场选址的环境可行性分析是风电场环评的重中之重;风电项目建设对生态环境的影响及风机噪声、光影影响也是风电场环境影响评价的重点,并创造性的提出风机噪声光影联合防护区的概念,以期对风电场环境影响评价提供理论及技术参考依据。     

煤炭资源开采环境污染物影子价格的估计——基于安徽煤炭企业的调查数据

环境污染物的影子价格体现了污染物的边际减排成本,是政府制定公共环境政策的重要依据。本文在环境技术的基础上,扩展了传统的产出方向性距离函数方法,进而构建了能够将多种环境污染物的影子价格进行综合估测新的影子价格模型。采用这种新的模型方法和安徽煤炭开采和洗选企业的样本数据,对煤炭资源开采利用过程中排放的三种主要环境污染物——废水、废气和固体废物的影子价格进行了估计。结果发现,2009年,安徽煤炭开采和洗选企业所排放的废水、废气和固体废物的平均影子价格分别为0.021 6万元/t、0.031 37万元/t和0.178 48万元/t。这三种环境污染物的影子价格存在差异,反映出安徽煤炭开采企业处理不同环境污染物所面临的环境成本是不同的。环境行为监管者在做出环境规制决策前要充分考虑到这个前提。     

Estimation of the shadow prices of pollutants with production/environment inefficiency taken into account: a nonparametric directional distance function approach

This paper deals with the estimation of the shadow prices of pollutants with a nonparametric directional distance function approach, where the inefficiency involved in the production process is taken into account unlike the previous studies. The directional vector, which is critical to the estimation and subject to the criterion for an appropriate efficiency rule proposed here, is calculated by using the annual plans of power plants in terms of production and environment. In the empirical study for Korea's electric power industry during the period of 1990-1995, we find that the average shadow prices of sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and total suspended particulates (TSP) are approximately 10% lower than those calculated under the assumption of full efficiency. The methodology we propose and the findings obtained in the empirical study allow us to undertake better decision-making over a broad range of environmental policy issues.     

自然资源二元价值论及其稀缺价格研究

本文提出了自然资源二元价值论,即认为自然资源物质无价值,自然资源资本具有虚假的社会价值,并据此提出了自然资源稀缺价格理论,同时对现行自然资源价格评估方法作了分析,认为影子价格法是目前最适合的自然资源价格评估方法。     

震害预测中建筑物属性信息提取方法研究

在编制城市抗震防灾规划工作中,如何得到规划区大量的建筑物的普查资料一直是一个重要的课题。就此,本文提出了一种基于RS技术通过首先旋转高分辨率遥感图像而后搜寻建筑物阴影区有效分割线段来实现大范围建筑物层数信息提取的新方法,并结合高分辨率遥感影像数据和实际建筑物层数信息对提取结果进行分析。结果表明计算模型正确,普适性较强,算法过程简单,所得结果精度满足城市震害预测基础信息的要求,有较大实用价值。     

巴东文家滑坡岩土体物理力学性质分析评价

依据文家滑坡的地质勘查成果,对其滑体、滑带、滑床等岩土体物理力学性质,特别对C、φ值的取定进行了分析评价,力求为滑坡稳定性分析及后期防治工程设计提供科学合理的依据.     

中国东、南部大陆、海域与邻区(国)古构造演化关系

本文论证了中国海域基底与邻区古构造演化关系,中朝地台与京畿地块以北对应。中下扬子台拗东延为朝南古拗陷,东南地槽系连接本州地槽系,华夏地块经东海接日本“南方大陆”,华夏和印支地块隶属于南海—东海地台的边缘地块。     

影子价格法在水资源价值理论测算中的应用

黄河是我国西北、华北地区的重要水源,对这些地区经济的发展起着巨大的作用。论文采用影子价格法,结合黄河的实际情况,将黄河分为4个河段,建立和求解流域水资源优化配置线性规划模型,得到各河段各用水部门的水资源影子价格,即为水资源的理论价值。     

Enhanced solar still productivity using transparent walls with an integral trough and organic porous absorber material

This experimental work has been conducted to compare the performance of the modified stills with that of the conventional still. Three modified stills (S1, S2, and S3) and conventional still (S4) were fabricated, each with 0.5 m² of the basin area. S1 and S3 had transparent double glass walls with air in between acting as insulation, whereas S2 has a single transparent wall. S4 has insulated plywood walls painted black from inside. A mixture of coco peat and charcoal was used in S1, S2, and S3, whereas there was no basin material for S4. Experiments were conducted by changing the water quantity in the solar still ranging from 5 to 10 kg. Maximum distillate output of 5.46 l/m²-d was obtained for S2, whereas it was 3.80 l/m²-d for S4 for an average solar radiation intensity of 675 W/m² (24.3 MJ/m²-d). Use of transparent walls with troughs to collect condensate increased the condenser area by 78.4%. The distillate water cost per liter was estimated as Rs. 0.86 (0.013 US$) and Rs. 1.61 (0.025 US$) for S2 and S4, respectively. Energy payback time for S2 was estimated as 4 months. Theoretical and experimental values showed that there is a significant loss of incoming solar radiation due to wall shadow.