不同紫云英基因型对难溶性磷吸收利用的影响

通过石英砂培养试验,研究了不同基因型对紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）吸收和利用难溶性磷酸盐（Al-P和Fe-P）的影响。结果表明,紫云英在不同磷源中的生长性状、生物量以及植株不同部位的吸磷量有很大差异。从株高、茎粗、分枝数性状方面来看,均表现为K-P〉Al-P〉Fe-P〉CK,且两种难溶性磷处理之间差异达到显著或极显著水平。对大多数紫云英基因型来说Al-P的地上部、地下部及总干物质量都显著大于Fe-P,说明紫云英更容易活化和吸收Al-P。闽紫6号和闽紫1号在利用难溶性磷时都显著高于余江大叶和弋江籽。不同紫云英基因型在不同磷源中,地上部、地下部吸磷量及总吸磷量也均表现为K-P〉Al-P〉Fe-P〉CK,即对不同磷源的吸收能力均以K-P最高,Al-P大于Fe-P。闽紫6号和闽紫1号对难溶性磷的吸收量均高于其它3个品种,表明闽紫6号和闽紫1号对难溶性磷具有较强的溶解吸收能力。从植株吸磷量与生物量关系可以看出,紫云英植株地上部、地下部干物质量及总干物质量、鲜质量增加时,植株吸收磷的养分质量分数也随着增加,呈显著正相关。CK和Al-P处理总干物质量与总吸磷量拟合回归关系显著,但对水溶性K-P和Fe-P处理相关回归关系效果不明显,说明紫云英对难溶性磷吸收利用时,对Al-P吸收富集优于Fe-P。     

紫云英对污染土壤上叶菜生长及其镉和铅含量的影响

为降低城郊菜地土壤叶菜可食部分Cd、Pb含量,通过3茬盆栽试验研究了紫云英(Astragalus sinicus L.)绿肥对重金属污染菜地上的叶菜生长、叶菜镉铅含量及土壤Cd、Pb活性形态(土壤溶液中Cd、Pb浓度及DTPA浸提态)的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,紫云英显著提高了供试生菜和苋菜的地上部生物量;但对DTPA-Cd和DTPA-Pb没有显著影响,对土壤溶液Cd、Pb浓度影响较小,没有显著影响供试生菜和苋菜地上部Cd、Pb含量.因而紫云英可以施用到供试菜地土壤上以提高叶菜产量,且不会提高叶菜Cd、Pb的食物链风险.     

赤潮异弯藻对2种桡足类的急性毒性效应

研究了赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)及其不同处理组分对桡足类中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和猛水蚤(Amo-nardia normani)存活率的影响。结果表明:赤潮异弯藻藻液对中华哲水蚤24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的LC50分别为204.74×104、144.49×104、47.1×104和25.7×104/mL,对猛水蚤24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的LC50分别为289.07×104、260.00×104、75.38×104和56.21×104/mL;赤潮异弯藻对2种桡足类的安全密度分别是21.56×104/mL和63.21×104/mL。通过对赤潮异弯藻不同处理组分(藻液、藻细胞悬浮液、去藻过滤液、藻细胞内容物和藻细胞碎片)的毒性比较,发现藻液、藻细胞悬浮液和藻细胞碎片对2种桡足类的致死率较高,而去藻过滤液及藻细胞内容物基本无影响,试验得出猛水蚤对赤潮异弯藻毒性的耐受能力显著高于中华哲水蚤。     

Subcellular localization of copper in tolerant and non-tolerant plant

The ability of Elsholtzia splendens Naki( E. splendens) to accumulate copper appears to be governed by its high degree of copper tolerance. However, the tolerance mechanism on the physiological basis is unknown. Using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDX), the likely location of copper within the cells of the tolerant and non-tolerant was determined. Here the role of vacuolar and cell wall compartmentalization in this copper tolerant plant were investigated. A direct comparison of copper locations of E. splendens and the non-tolerant Astragalus sinicus L. ( A. sinicus ) showed that the majority of copper in the tolerant was localized primarily in the vacuolar, cell wall, on the plasmamembrane, beside lipid grains induced by copper pollution, in the chloroplasts and amyloids; but in the non-tolerant, copper precipitates only be observed on the plasmamembrane, in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm under copper exposure conditions that were toxic to both species. This revealed that the tolerant accumulates more copper in the vacuole and cell wall than the non-tolerant, where was regarded as the storage compartment of tolerant plant or hyperaccumulator for heavy metals.