排序方式: 共有46条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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供水管网的铁释放问题近年来日益受到关注.影响供水管网铁释放的因素众多,本研究选取了pH、溶解氧(DO)、碱度(Alk)、硬度、氯离子(Cl~-)、硫酸根(SO_4~(2-))、温度(T)和水力停留时间(HRT)这8个影响因素,利用逐步回归和偏相关分析,建立了铁释放的非线性幂指数模型,并用标准化回归系数和偏相关系数比较了这些因素的相对重要性.结果表明,铁释放模型拟合效果良好;用标准化回归系数衡量影响因素相对重要性时,SO_4~(2-)、HRT、Cl~-和T是相对重要的因素,相对重要性排序为SO_4~(2-)≈HRTCl~-T;用偏相关系数衡量时,HRT、SO_4~(2-)、Alk、Cl~-和T是相对重要的因素,排序为HRTSO_4~(2-)AlkCl~-T.综合两种系数的分析结果,HRT、SO_4~(2-)和Cl~-是本研究条件下相对重要的因素,T和Alk的相对重要性视实际情况变动. 相似文献
2.
2008年6月颁布的《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 3544-2008)与原标准(GB 3544-2001)相比,增加了控制排放的污染物项目,污染物排放控制要求也大幅提高,传统的废水二级生化处理工艺已不能满足新标准要求。文章通过梳理和分析调研及现场监测的资料和数据,提出目前制浆造纸企业通过有效的技术改造和升级,增加废水三级深度处理流程,在加强管理的情况下可以实现废水稳定达标排放。但不可避免会增加企业建设和运营成本,大中型制浆造纸企业尚可接受,对小型企业的冲击则相对较大。同时提出目前制浆造纸企业废水处理仍存在一些技术和管理方面的问题,尚需通过制定技术规范、强化环境监管、深入开展相关基础研究等多方面对策,优化制浆造纸行业结构调整,确保行业污染物减排。 相似文献
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基于标准化降水蒸散指数的陕西省近50 a干旱特征分析 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:13
基于陕西省18 个气象站点1961-2010 年实测气象资料,利用标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),通过计算各站历年逐月的SPEI 指数值,统计近50 a 各站点出现的干旱过程,分析了陕西省历年、历年各季及月尺度上的干旱发生频率、覆盖面积和干旱发生强度,揭示了陕西省干旱发生的时空和强度演变特征。研究结果表明,近50 a 来陕西省干旱发生频率呈明显的增长趋势,尤其是1990 年以来的近20 a;陕西省在年、春、夏、秋、冬及月尺度上均有干旱发生。其中,秋季干旱最为严重,春季次之。在年代际变化方面,全省以20 世纪90 年代干旱最为严重,2000 年以来的干旱次之;干旱出现既有全省性的大范围干旱,也有区域性的局部干旱,分布极不均匀,总体分布特征是北多南少;干旱发生强度分布呈现出关中最强、陕南次之、陕北最弱的特点。 相似文献
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危险废物规范化管理措施研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
危险废物对人类和环境能产生极大的危害,具有"废物"和"资源"的双重属性。危险废物环境管理是从其产生、收集、贮存、转移、处置利用的全过程管理。文章阐述了危险废物的管理现状和特点,结合当前危险废物规范化管理面临的严峻形势,从完善法律法规体系、摸清危险废物底数、提升企业危险废物管理水平、推进危险废物处置项目建设、加强监管能力建设、加强宣传培训等方面提出了一些行之有效的合理化建议、对策,以更好地促进危险废物的管理工作。 相似文献
5.
A new approach to Assess Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition by Way of Standardized Exposition of mosses
A standardized method of moss exposition for assessing variations in nitrogen deposition was tested in the western part of
Germany. Six pleurocarpous moss species were transplanted to two sites differing in their deposition rates but being comparable
as to their climatic conditions. The mosses were exposed in standardized containers over a period of 12 months; the focus
of interest was the effect of N deposition on nitrogen content and on 15N natural abundance (δ15N-values). Within the first nine months only trends could be observed. However, after one year all species tested showed significantly
higher N concentrations at the highly polluted site. Besides, more negative δ15N-values possibly reflecting the higher ammonium input were detected at this site. Surprisingly, most of the plants though
being kept in plastic containers without a favourable substratum did not show any conspicuous deficiency symptoms. The potential
advantages of a standardized moss exposition for N monitoring purposes are discussed. It is concluded that the method presented
here can yield significant results in particular if the number of testing sites is increased. 相似文献
6.
基于SPEI的云南中部区域干旱时空变化特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用云南中部地区1961~2010年逐月降水和气温资料,采用降水距平百分率和历史旱情资料验证了标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI)在该地区的适用性,并采用Mann-kendall突变检验、Morlet小波和经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)等方法,分析了该地区干旱的时空演变特征,结果表明:(1)SPEI与降水距平百分率在时空上具有很好的相关性,验证了SPEI对降水变化的敏感性;(2)SPEI指数与历史旱情资料比较吻合,能够有效地反映云南中部区域的干旱特征;(3)年均SPEI呈波动下降趋势,干季SPEI降低趋势明显。年均SPEI存在着24a的主周期和9a的次周期,并于1977年发生了突变,此后开始降低,在整体上呈现出干旱化的趋势;(4)从SPEI的空间分布特征来看,其在整体上受大尺度气候系统的影响表现出一致的下降趋势,而在区域内部则表现出东南-西北(干热河谷)的反向结构差异。 相似文献
7.
Testing biodegradability with standardized methods 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Udo Pagga 《Chemosphere》1997,35(12):2953-2972
Laboratory test methods are used by industry laboratories to determine biodegradability, an important parameter for the evaluation of the ecological behaviour of substances. Biodegradability has a key role due to the simple fact that a degradable substance will cause no long term risk in the environment. The great variety of biodegradation processes in the natural environment and in technical plants for treating waste water and solid wastes gave rise to a rather large number of test methods based on different test principles. To guarantee the acceptance of the test results by authorities and customers internationally standardized methods (ISO, OECD) and established quality criteria (GLP, EN 45000, ISO 9000) are used. 相似文献
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Analysis of Meteorological Drought Pattern During Different Climatic and Cropping Seasons in Bangladesh
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Mahiuddin Alamgir Shamsuddin Shahid Manzul Kumar Hazarika Syams Nashrrullah Sobri Bin Harun Supiah Shamsudin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(3):794-806
Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh which severely affect agro‐based economy and people's livelihood in almost every year. Characterization of droughts in a systematic way is therefore critical in order to take necessary actions toward drought mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, standardized precipitation index is used to understand the spatial distribution of meteorological droughts during various climatic seasons such as premonsoon, monsoon, and winter seasons as well as cropping seasons such as Pre‐Kharif (March‐May), Kharif (May‐October), and Rabi (December‐February). Rainfall data collected from 29 rainfall gauge stations located in different parts of the country were used for a period of 50 years (1961‐2010). The study reveals that the spatial characteristics of droughts vary widely according to season. Premonsoon droughts are more frequent in the northwest, monsoon droughts mainly occur in the west and northwest, winter droughts in the west, and the Rabi and Kharif droughts are more frequent in the north and northwest of Bangladesh. It is expected that the findings of the study will support drought monitoring and mitigation activities in Bangladesh. 相似文献