叠加振动试验分析与应用

结合试验标准和振动控制软件,从试验应用的角度对叠加振动中的随机加随机、随机加正弦振动进行了分析和归纳,并介绍了如何从图形上快速区分叠加振动,以及在软件设置中应注意叠加振动试验中扫频和不扫频的区别。     

OBSERVATIONS ON KINEMATIC RESPONSE IN URBAN RUNOFF MODELS1

ABSTRACT: This paper first discusses the results of sensitivity analyses conducted on various parameters of the San Francisco Stormwater Model ta version of WREM) and the Penn State Runoff Model in terms of their impact on outflow hydrographs. The parameters considered within a idealized catchment include: basin shape, imperivous fraction, overland roughness and slope: deterntion depth; infiltration capacity; and hyetograph timing. Second, the results for the hypothetical catchment are extended to the lazzard laboratory surfaces (asphalt, grass, roofing material) as a mean of illustrating the need for changes in model structure, as opposed to continued parameter adjustment Finally the effect of altering the scale of hydraulic representation in the surface runoff and sewer transport calculations are demonstrated for two gaged watersheds in Hamburg, West Germany.     

基于模态叠加法的振动响应修正方法研究概述

针对模态叠加法受模态选取和截断等影响,往往导致动力学计算精度不高,尤其是对高频响应难以预测这一缺点,对多个基于模态叠加的修正方法研究的现状和发展趋势进行了概述,简要分析了各个修正方法的优劣,并结合目前的大规模并行计算技术探讨了添加这些修正方法的可能性。研究表明,模态加速度法是目前相对容易实现的一种修正算法,最易于在大规模并行计算和实际工程应用中实现。     

近距离煤层群叠加开采采动应力与覆岩位移场演化特征

为获得近距离煤层群叠加开采条件下采动应力与覆岩位移场的演化特征,以潘二矿近距离煤层6,7煤层地质条件为背景,采用相似模拟与工程实践相结合的方法进行了研究。结果表明:近距离煤层群叠加开采形成的覆岩宏观运移形态和特征与单一煤层开采相似,叠加开采时,覆岩呈多岩层整体协调运移的规律,具有位移叠加增长效应;7煤层的开采使覆岩起到一定的垫层作用,缓和了矿山压力,使近距离煤层叠加开采时具有应力减弱效应;与开采7煤层相比,6煤层开采过程中,周期来压步距减小,来压时支架载荷减弱,动压系数相应减小,但周期来压时,存在部分岩层发生台阶式下沉的现象。基于近距离煤层群叠加开采研究结果,在近距离煤层群开采的设备选型时,选用了高额定工作阻力的液压支架,在周期来压期间,采取了一定的辅助措施,同时加强了组织管理,生产中没有发生冲击液压支架及其他动力灾害的现象。     

关于协同推进排污许可制与环境保护税的思考

党的十九届四中全会明确提出构建以排污许可制为核心的固定污染源监管制度体系,为推动排污许可制与各项环境管理制度衔接融合及各项法规制度的协同执法指明了作战的方向。本文在剖析排污许可制与环境保护税发展现状、面临的挑战基础上,从完善法律法规体系、建立协同作战机制、建立核算复核机制、建立大数据共享机制四个方面构建排污许可制与环境保护税衔接耦合机制,使排污许可制与环境保护税叠加在协同作战中发挥出最大效能,给企事业单位明确稳定的污染排放管控要求和预期、推动形成公平规范的环境执法守法秩序,减少污染物排放、改善环境质量、强化绿色体制保障,推动形成人与自然和谐发展的现代化建设新格局。     

Forecasting population trend from the scaling pattern of occupancy

Forecasting the temporal trend of a focal species, its range expansion or retraction, provides crucial information regarding population viability. To this end, we require the accumulation of temporal records which is evidently time consuming. Progress in spatial data capturing has enabled rapid and accurate assessment of species distribution across large scales. Therefore, it would be appealing to infer the temporal trends of populations from the spatial structure of their distributions. Based on a combination of models from the fields of range dynamics, occupancy scaling and spatial autocorrelation, here I present a model for forecasting the population trend solely from its spatial distribution. Numerical tests using cellular automata confirm a positive correlation, as inferred from the model, between the temporal change in species range sizes and the exponent of the power-law scaling pattern of occupancy. The model is thus recommended for rapid estimation of species range dynamics from a single snapshot of its current distribution. Further applications in biodiversity conservation could provide a swift risk assessment, especially, for endangered and invasive species.     

Estimation of the Relationship between Environment Heterogeneity and Distribution of Birds in Western Siberia

The results of censuses of 335 bird species and estimation of environmental factors in 1163 habitats located in undeveloped areas of the Western Siberian Plain were analyzed. The data for analysis were obtained from the databank of the Laboratory of Zoological Monitoring of the Institute of Animal Ecology and Systematics (Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences). The material was collected in the first half of summer (between May 16 and July 15) in 1936–1938 and 1959–1999 (mostly beginning from 1967). A learning sample (863 variants) was used to approximate the abundance of each species with respect to each factor (including calculation by the principal-component method), and the approximation was integrated with respect to all these factors. The approximation coefficients were used to make a prognosis of species abundance based on the values of environmental factors in the control sample (300 variants). For the 50 most prevalent species, accounting for more than 80% of total bird abundance, the values of explained variances of approximation and prognosis averaged 53.5 (r = 0.73) and 47% (r = 0.68), respectively.     

板锥网壳结构的风振响应分析

板锥网壳结构是一种受力性能合理,技术经济效益良好的新型空间结构形式。采用谐波法模拟了Daven-port脉动风谱;采用时程分析法对板锥网壳结构进行了风振响应时程分析,并对板锥网壳结构的风振响应特性进行了全面和深入的研究,为板锥网壳结构的抗风设计提供理论上的依据,得出了可应用于工程实践的重要结论。     

汉江中下游干流水质变化趋势及持续性分析

汉江是长江中游最大的支流,近年来水质污染日趋严重,且范围有逐渐扩大趋势。随着流域内经济社会发展用水量增长以及2014年南水北调中线一期工程建成引水,汉江中下游流域水资源、水生态环境压力日益显现,流域管理面临较大挑战。利用汉江中下游干流襄阳、仙桃和汉口3个主要的水质监测控制断面1998~2011年实测水质资料中5个水质项目,采用季节性肯达尔检验法对其项目进行了变化趋势检验与分析,并用叠加型指数法验证趋势分析的合理性;结合Hurst指数分析了趋势变化的持续性,结果表明季节性肯达尔检验法方法合理,持续性分析结果可预测未来水质变化,并为水环境保护和管理提供技术参考。     

Estimation and comparison of night-time OH levels in the UK urban atmosphere using two di erent analysis methods

Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites (Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 105–1 106 molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant di erence between the OH levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time.