加碱混凝沉淀法去除蓝皮制革废水中Cr3+及COD的研究

取自扬州某外资皮革厂的蓝皮制革废水含有大量的Cr3 和COD.通过对该废水加各种碱剂调节其pH值至8.3～8.5,均可将Cr3 去除90%以上,且对COD也有一定的去除效果.再对该废水加碱的同时试采用几种混凝剂进行混凝,Cr3 和COD的去除率都得到提高.研究表明:通过加碱混凝能取得更好的去除效果,PAC/PAM是最佳混凝荆,最佳投药量为0.4g/L,Cr3 可降到国家标准以下.     

酸浸粉煤灰混凝法处理制革废水的研究

笔者研究了在热电厂粉煤灰中加入少量的鼓风炉铁泥和适量的助溶剂HS,在加热条件下用稀硫酸搅拌浸取2h后,制得集物理吸附和化学混凝为一体的混凝剂。这种混凝剂与聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF)絮凝剂配合处理COD为1500～2000mg/L制革废水,SS,COD,硫化物和铬的去除率分别为95%,93%,92%和88%。该法的显著特点是混凝沉降速度快,污泥体积小,处理废水费用低,此外还探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理。      

混凝沉淀-生物接触氧化工艺处理制革废水试验研究

采用PFS混凝沉淀-生物接触氧化工艺处理制革废水,试验结果表明:该工艺处理效果高,含硫废水的S2-去除率达到99.0%,综合废水的BOD5、CODCr、SS去除率分别为97%、85%、98%,出水水质达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)二级标准.     

皮革废水有机污染物生物降解特性研究

选取二萘磺酸钠、单宁酸及杨梅栲胶3种皮革鞣剂,接种皮革废水处理厂的活性污泥,在批式试验中研究了好氧及厌氧降解特性及降解动力学.以实际皮革废水为研究对象,同样采用批式试验考察了好氧及厌氧降解过程COD变化规律.结果表明,对于皮革鞣剂的去除及矿化,好氧降解优于厌氧降解.好氧降解二萘磺酸钠、单宁酸及杨梅栲胶的去除率分别为>90%、>90%、50%～75%;厌氧降解的去除率分别为10%～40%、>95%、20%～30%;好氧及厌氧降解单宁酸的COD去除率分别为>75%、<75%.好氧降解单宁酸及杨梅栲胶的一级动力学速率常数k值受初始浓度影响较小,而好氧降解二萘磺酸钠的k值受到初始浓度显著影响,二萘磺酸钠≥70 mg·L-1对微生物产生毒性作用,k值明显下降.皮革废水生物降解具有明显阶段性特征,快速及慢速降解期内COD浓度与反应时间呈现很好的线性关系,好氧最大比降解速率是厌氧最大比降解速率的11.6倍.     

Minimization of the environmental impact of chrome tanning: a new process with high chrome exhaustion

In all tanning technology operations wastes are generated. These reach the environment as residual waters, solid and liquid waste as well as atmospheric emissions and odours.

This study tests an alternative method to the traditional tanning method at an industrial level. The new method is based on tanning without float and by significantly increasing the temperature at the end of the tanning process. The properties of the leathers obtained using the two methods have been compared and the results indicate that those leathers have similar physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties. However, the differences existing from the environmental point of view are significant. It is not necessary to use clean water for this tanning. Moreover, there is a 75% reduction of the residual float, a 91% reduction of the chrome discharged, and a 94% reduction of the chlorides discharged. A financial assessment was carried out to demonstrate that the newly proposed system is 32% more economic than the traditional one.     

SWOT分析模型在四川制革行业中的应用研究

文章在分析四川省制革行业发展现状的基础上,采用定性与定量结合的SWOT分析方法,分析了制革行业在四川省制革行业发展所面临的机会和威胁、所处的优势和劣势。结果表明,极坐标（ρ,θ）=（0．536,71．89°）处于坐标轴的第一象限,四川省制革行业应采取相对开拓的优势机会型战略,并据此提出相应具体战略措施。     

混凝沉淀-两段接触氧化法处理制革废水工程实践

采用混凝沉淀-两段接触氧化法处理制革区综合制革废水,经过半年多稳定运行,系统COD去除率达到96%,硫化物去除率达到99.5%,处理后出水的各项指标完全达到了国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)制革行业废水二级标准。对废水处理系统的工艺作了简单介绍,对系统调试、运行结果进行了分析与总结。     

毛皮加工清洁生产的白皮鞣制技术

研究了改性有机磷化合物在毛皮鞣制过程中的应用技术(白皮鞣制技术),替代了传统的甲醛或铬类鞣剂进行的毛皮加工生产,减少了毛皮产品及生产废液中有害物质的含量,达到了欧盟规定的技术要求,实现了环保型加工。     

制革废水中丙烯酸类鞣剂的膜分离特征

针对3种丙烯酸类鞣剂超滤(UF)、反渗透(RO)分离参数进行了实验研究,探索其在废水深度处理中膜去除的可行性,研究结果表明,3种鞣剂在分离参数:浓度为200 mg/L,超滤的操作压力(P UF)为0.11 MPa,反渗透的操作压力(P RO)为0.4 MPa的条件下UF-RO分离,效果最好。其次,丙烯酸类鞣剂对膜通量影响较大,导致产生的清液较少,所以用UF、RO处理含有这类物质的制革废水时,应尽可能对废水进行预处理。最后,丙烯酸类鞣剂分子中含有极性较强的基团时,粒径分离效果不同。     

An improved product-process for cleaner chrome tanning in leather processing

Severe restrictions imposed by the pollution control authorities on the disposal of chromium, total dissolved solids and chlorides in tannery effluents have forced the tanners to look for low-waste, high exhaust chrome tanning salts. An improved chrome syntan with more than 90% uptake of chrome has been developed. The new product serves both as tanning and retanning agent and can be applied directly to delimed pelts thus eliminating the conventional pickling stage in the leather processing. This modified process helps to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS) and chlorides in the spent tan liquor by 51, 81 and 99%, respectively. The product offers full, soft leathers having shrinkage temperature comparable to conventional chrome tanned skins. Since the developed product is highly reactive, it saves time and reduces the water requirement when compared to the conventional chrome tanning method. Thus the novel product/process developed not only has advantages in reducing pollution loads but also seems to be techno-economically viable.