The Thermal Discharges From Nuclear Power Plants in Taiwan

The increasing use of sea water for industrial cooling presents a real threat to the ecological environment in the ocean. in Taiwan where many electric power plants along the coast take sea water for cooling, people are concerned seriously about nuclear power plants. There are three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. Each plant has two units for generating power. the first two are located along the northern coast of Taiwan. the third is located in Kenting National Park along the coast of southernmost Taiwan. the plants take sea water for cooling, and discharge their heated effluents to the ocean surface from the coast. the thermal effluents have variable effects on the ecological environment near the plants. Fishermen living near the power plants complain that the heated water affects the inshore fishery catch. in addition, the thermal water from the second plant is easily accumulated near the coastal zone to influence the nearby swimming area in the summer-time. the thermal water from the third plant bleaches or kills some corals in shallow water near the outlet, and this conflicts with the interests of Kenting National Park.     

ZJR型涂料的制备及特性研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,使用磷酸氢二钠、十水合四硼酸钠和氢氧化镁等制备了阻燃体系料,复合后制成ZJR涂料.利用热分析仪分析纳米TiO2和阻燃体系复合的防火涂料的温度与热失率关系,并得到热重与微商热重曲线.550～650℃之间,失重率约为11%,ZJR涂料在400～600℃有较好的阻燃效果.该涂料对污染气体的光催化降解研究结果表明:光照60min后,对二氧化硫的降解率为90.40%,紫外光照40min后,甲醛气体降解率为68.98%.进一步添加聚乙二醇和银离子使涂料改性,使涂料光催化甲醛的活性分别提高了11%和14%,效果显著.     

电弧离子镀HY11涂层的1200 ℃高温氧化行为研究

目的研究真空电弧镀方法制备的超高温金属涂层HY11在1200℃下的高温氧化行为。方法用真空电弧镀技术(AIP)在单晶镍基高温合金DD6上制备超高温金属涂层HY11,采用HB 5258循环氧化方法进行1200℃循环氧化试验,通过试验过程中试样质量变化评价涂层氧化寿命。通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析氧化后的试样显微形貌,用X-射线衍射仪分析涂层材料的相结构,通过氧化速率对涂层材料抗氧化性能进行表征。结果采用单靶真空电弧镀技术制备的HY11涂层,经过1050℃真空条件下扩散2h,涂层厚度为50～60?m,扩散区厚度为10～15μm,涂层微观组织均匀致密,涂层合金界面清晰平整。DD6合金的1200℃循环氧化寿命仅仅为4 h,HY11涂层在1200℃的循环氧化寿命近300 h。沉积态涂层HY11相结构主要以Al_2O_3和Ni3Al为主。氧化后涂层材料表面形成的氧化膜以Al_2O_3为主。结论 HY11涂层在1200℃的循环氧化寿命为298 h,极大地提高了DD6合金在1200℃的循环氧化寿命。     

三氯卡班可以影响肾小管上皮细胞的屏障功能

三氯卡班(TCC)是一种被广泛应用于个人护理用品中的广谱型亲脂性杀菌剂,已在多种环境介质和生物体中检出。因其潜在的环境蓄积、生物累积和生物毒性效应,日益受到学者们的关注。借助TCC对NRK-52E(大鼠肾小管上皮细胞)的毒性暴露实验,通过检测细胞活力、以及与跨膜电阻和紧密连接相关的连接黏附分子1(JAM~(-1),junctional adhesion molecule 1)的蛋白表达水平,研究了TCC潜在的肾脏毒性效应。结果显示,10μmol·L~(-1)TCC处理48 h时培养细胞呈现不规则的集落;10μmol·L~(-1)和20μmol·L~(-1)TCC处理NRK-52E 24 h、48 h和72 h后可以显著抑制细胞生长;3.57μmol·L~(-1)TCC(生长抑制的48 hIC20)处理NRK-52E 48 h可以显著抑制细胞间紧密连接蛋白JAM~(-1)的表达量,并降低跨膜电阻,影响肾脏的屏障功能。本研究的结果能够为进一步揭示TCC对动物的毒害机制、评估其对动物的健康风险提供数据支持。     

Enhanced retention of linuron, alachlor and metalaxyl in sandy soil columns intercalated with wood barriers

A study has been made of the effect a reactive barrier made of pine (softwood) or oak (hardwood) wood intercalated in a sandy soil column has on the retention of linuron, alachlor and metalaxyl (pesticides with contrasting physicochemical characteristics). The leaching of pesticides has been carried out under a saturated flow regime and breakthrough curves (BTCs) have been obtained at flow rates of 1 mL min⁻¹ (all pesticides) and 3 mL min⁻¹ (linuron). The cumulative curves in the unmodified soil indicate a leaching of pesticides >80% of the total amount of compound added. After barrier intercalation, linuron leaching decreases significantly and a modification of the leaching kinetics of alachlor and metalaxyl has been observed. The theoretical R factors increased ∼2.6-3.3, 1.2-1.6-fold, and 1.4-1.7-fold and the concentration of the maximum peak decreased ∼6-12-fold, 2-4-fold and 1.2-2-fold for linuron, alachlor and metalaxyl, respectively. When considering the three pesticides, significant correlations have been found between the theoretical retardation factor (R) and the pore volume corresponding to the maximum peaks of the BTCs (r = 0.77; p < 0.05) or the total volume leached (r = −0.78; p < 0.05). The results reveal the efficacy of reactive wood barriers to decrease the leaching of pesticides from point sources of pollution depends on the type of wood, the hydrophobicity of the pesticide and the adopted water flow rate. Pine was more effective than oak in decreasing the leaching of hydrophobic pesticide linuron or in decreasing the maximum peak concentration of the less hydrophobic pesticides in soils. Efficacy of these wood barriers was limited for the least hydrophobic pesticide metalaxyl.     

涂料制造行业挥发性有机物排放成分谱及影响

采用不锈钢采样罐对华东地区8家涂料制造企业生产车间排口进行采集,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)测定了106种VOCs组分,识别了VOCs排放特征,建立了溶剂型涂料和水性涂料VOCs排放成分谱,分析了VOCs对臭氧生成的贡献.结果表明,涂料制造行业VOCs特征组分主要为芳香烃和含氧烃,两者浓度范围在65.5%～99.9%,溶剂型涂料VOCs排放主要以芳香烃为主,占总VOCs的63.0%～94.0%;水性涂料VOCs排放主要以含氧烃为主,占总VOCs的54.5%～99.9%.间/对-二甲苯(32.4%)、乙苯(19.0%)和乙酸乙酯(12.1%)为溶剂型涂料源排放特征,乙酸乙酯(83.7%)与2-丁酮(8.0%)为水性涂料源排放特征.芳香烃和含氧烃是涂料制造行业的主要活性组分,对臭氧生成潜势(OFP)的总贡献率在92.9%～99.9%之间.源反应活性分析(SR)表明,水性涂料单位质量VOCs对臭氧的生成贡献低于溶剂型涂料,因此可显著降低臭氧的生成潜势.研究显示,针对涂料制造行业VOCs污染治理,应重点关注芳香烃和含氧烃中对臭氧生成潜势贡献较大的VOCs组分,进行源头和精细化控制.     

焙烧温度对铁覆膜砂IOCS吸附Cr(VI)的影响

采用序批试验研究了焙烧温度对铁覆膜砂(IronOxideCoatedSand,IOCS)吸附6价铬Cr(VI)的吸附平衡和吸附速率的影响.结果表明,铬在IOCS上的吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附模型.低温制备IOCS具有较高吸附容量且对pH不敏感.110℃制备IOCS在pH7的最大吸附容量(0.181mg·g-1)远高于660℃制备IOCS(0.023mg·g-1).吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.吸附速率随焙烧温度提高而下降.     

火电汽轮机组热电解耦技术研究

针对供热机组受传统“以热定电”运行模式限制,单机调峰能力低(最大仅有50%),无法满足深度调峰的问题,以国电集团西北地区所辖火电供热机组的实际运行情况为出发点,结合汽轮机组节能诊断及机组改造经验,提出了高、低压旁路联合供热,低压缸切缸运行两种热电解耦技术方案,通过比选得出两种技术方案的优缺点及适用范围。     

城市污水处理厂预热处理混合污泥的高温厌氧消化特性研究

针对165℃、30min预处理后的混合污泥,进行高温厌氧消化的连续试验.研究了在不同的水力停留时间(HRT)下的产气量、有机物的分解率等指标,探讨了“热处理+高温消化”实用化的可行性.结果表明,总固体(TS)为70g·L-1、预热处理后的混合污泥经高温厌氧消化,在HRT为10、20、30d的条件下,产气率为2.82、1.70和1.19L·L-1·d-1;降解单位COD的产气量为968、1053和1091L·kg-1;COD分解率为47%～52%;有机物分解率与HRT的关系符合一级反应动力学关系.COD物质平衡计算结果表明,基质中50%的固态有机物被分解转化,生物气中的甲烷含量可达59.1%.本研究中的厌氧消化反应可归纳为C8.38H19.7O7.59N+3.86H2O→4.38CH4+2.99CO2+NH4++HCO3-.     

昆明市主城区热环境效应及影响因素分析

以昆明市主城区为研究对象,根据2000年、2010年和2020年3期Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像,反演3个时期的地表温度,采用标准差椭圆分析热环境效应的时空演变,并使用地理探测器探讨热环境效应的影响因素。结果表明：近20 年来,昆明市主城区热岛区集中分布在城镇建设密集区域,热环境方向主轴由东北—西南走向转为西北—东南走向;前期热环境重心向西北方向偏转了57.5°,偏移2.47 km,后期向西北方向偏转24.25°,偏移0.86 km;有极低温区向低温区、较低温区转变,较高温区与高温区向极高温区转变的态势,其中,官渡区的热环境效应增强趋势最显著;建筑用地和植被覆盖度对地表温度产生的影响力最大,建筑用地与高程交互作用时会增加对地表温度的影响力,水体与建筑用地或不透水面的交互作用减弱了水体对热环境效应的缓解作用。