两相一体式污泥浓缩消化(TISTD)反应器微生物多样性研究

针对课题组开发的两相一体式污泥浓缩消化反应器(TISTD),采用16S rDNA、PCR-TGGE等分子生物学技术,对反应器在不同阶段稳态下的内、外反应室中微生物的多样性和种群结构进行了研究.结果表明:TISTD反应器内外反应室中微生物群落均呈现高度的多样性分布,优势菌群明显,群落结构差异性很大,且外反应室较内反应室具有更多的微生物种群数量,外室是水解酸化的场所,污泥在外室经过微生物的水解酸化后进入内室,内室是严格厌氧的产甲烷场所;从反应器运行的不同时期来看,反应器中微生物优势种群呈现一定的差异,随着反应器负荷的改变,微生物的群落结构和种群数量也呈现出明显的演替过程,优势种群的功能地位处在动态变化中.微生物种群之间通过协同和竞争作用,形成了特定生态位的群落结构.研究结果解释了TISTD反应器同时浓缩和消化的工作机理,并为其推广、应用及优化调控提供了理论基础.     

4段式平板膜处理污泥的中试研究

4段式平板膜处理污泥及中水回用工艺是根据次临界通量的原理设计运行的.在中试装置运行25 d的过程中,发现污泥浓度逐级提升,在进泥浓度为3 g/L左右时,出泥平均可达35 g/L;同时发现,膜出水COD和氨氮浓度均在工艺运行18d内分别保持在50 mg/L和10 mg/L;最后,研究发现,从第1段到第4段过程中,污泥的粒径逐渐减少,而污泥的粘度和毛细脱水时间是逐渐增大的.     

内源电子受体产生及其在抑制富磷剩余污泥释磷行为中的应用

根据生物脱氮除磷系统产生的富磷剩余污泥含有硝化细菌和生产废水含有高浓度氨氮的特点,将生产废水中的氨氮转化为硝酸盐(内源电子受体),并将获得的内源电子受体利用在富磷剩余污泥浓缩过程,同步实现内源电子受体反硝化及其抑制富磷剩余污泥释磷行为。结果表明,将富磷剩余污泥(excess activated sludge,EAS。EAS1是在好氧方式下添加,EAS2是在缺氧方式下添加)与生产废水(reject water)按4种比例(Ⅰ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶85%∶0%;Ⅱ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶80%∶5%;Ⅲ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶75%∶10%;Ⅳ、生产废水∶EAS1∶EAS2=15%∶65%∶20%)混合曝气用于产生内源电子受体时,最佳硝化时间均为12 h,可将液相中的氨氮分别由初始的(113.16±0.85)mg/L、(117.18±4.39)mg/L、(129.48±4.85)mg/L及(142.53±0)mg/L降至(0.74±0.41)mg/L、(0.45±0.15)mg/L、(0.41±0.15)mg/L及(0.38±0.08)mg/L;同时,硝酸盐氮分别由初始的(7.48±7.91)mg/L、(12.87±5.81)mg/L、(12.87±5.81)mg/L及(13.55±6.18)mg/L升为(128.37±11.03)mg/L、(141.43±12.71)mg/L、(148.01±14.84)mg/L及(146.22±7.53)mg/L。内源电子受体可将重力浓缩过程中释磷量分别削减85%、63%、64%及83%,同时使得由生产废水回流引起的氨氮积累量分别减少89.25%、69.93%、74.31%及85.40%。在整个内源电子受体产生及其应用于抑制污泥释磷阶段,TN去除率分别为39.59%、44.54%、51.86%及57.33%。上述内源电子受体胁迫条件下的浓缩过程中,不仅可以有效降低由重力浓缩释磷引起的磷积累量,且可同步实现减少由生产废水回流引起的氨氮积累量。     

城市污水厂污泥浓缩新技术的应用

分析了新型污泥浓缩设备的技术经济优点,现行污泥浓缩池的缺点、城市污水处理新工艺对浓缩的要求,介绍了2类污泥浓缩机在城市污水厂的选用和运行实例.     

Simple model of sludge thickening process in secondary settlers

In wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a secondary settler acts as a clarifier, sludge thickener, and sludge storage tank during peak flows and therefore plays an important role in the performance of the activated sludge process. Sludge thickening occurs in the lower portions of secondary clarifiers during their operation. In this study, by detecting the hindered zone from the complete thickening process of activated sludge, a simple model for the sludge thickening velocity, u _s = aX ^b (a = 0.9925SSVI _3.5, b = 3.541ln(SSVI _3.5)+12.973), describing the potential and performance of activated sludge thickening in the hindered zone was developed. However, sludge thickening in the compression zone was not studied because sludge in the compression zone showed limited thickening. This empirical model was developed using batch settling data obtained from four WWTPs and validated using measured data from a fifth WWTP to better study sludge thickening. To explore different sludge settling and thickening mechanisms, the curves of sludge thickening and sludge settling were compared. Finally, it was found that several factors including temperature, stirring, initial depth, and polymer conditioning can lead to highly concentrated return sludge and biomass in a biologic reactor.     

净水厂污泥沉降和浓缩试验研究

对净水厂污泥分别进行了沉降试验和浓缩试验研究,考察了有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的投加对净水厂污泥沉降、浓缩、脱水性能的影响,研究了PAM投加率、斜板间距等对动态浓缩的作用,并探讨分析了各个因素的影响规律。     

双污泥调理剂调理氧化沟剩余活性污泥试验研究

为了对南昌市朝阳洲污水处理厂氧化沟剩余活性污泥涡凹气浮浓缩工艺优选调理剂,采用无机高分子絮凝剂和有机高分子絮凝剂组成的双污泥调理剂PAC+FO4440SH、PAC+FO4190SH、PAC+FA920SH、PAC+AN926SHU对污泥进行调理试验,结果表明:与单独投加无机高分子絮凝剂相比,双污泥调理剂更能改善污泥的脱水性能,对污泥调理效果高低依次为PAC+FO4440SH、PAC+FO4190SH、PAC+FA920SH、PAC+AN926SHU,采用双调理剂调理朝阳洲污水处理厂氧化沟剩余活性污泥时,优选PAC+FO4440SH。     

污泥浓缩脱水及相关技术研究进展

文章对污泥浓缩、污泥调理、污泥脱水技术发展现状进行了介绍,着重对主流污泥脱水技术及设备选型进行了分析比较,强调了污泥处理技术具有各自的适用范围.此外还介绍了超声波技术在污泥处理领域应用的前景.     

Evaluation of aerial photography for predicting trends in structural attributes of Australian woodland including comparison with ground-based monitoring data

The accurate assessment of trends in the woody structure of savannas has important implications for greenhouse accounting and land-use industries such as pastoralism. Two recent assessments of live woody biomass change from north-east Australian eucalypt woodland between the 1980s and 1990s present divergent results. The first estimate is derived from a network of permanent monitoring plots and the second from woody cover assessments from aerial photography. The differences between the studies are reviewed and include sample density, spatial scale and design. Further analyses targeting potential biases in the indirect aerial photography technique are conducted including a comparison of basal area estimates derived from 28 permanent monitoring sites with basal area estimates derived by the aerial photography technique. It is concluded that the effect of photo-scale; or the failure to include appropriate back-transformation of biomass estimates in the aerial photography study are not likely to have contributed significantly to the discrepancy. However, temporal changes in the structure of woodlands, for example, woodlands maturing from many smaller trees to fewer larger trees or seasonal changes, which affect the relationship between cover and basal area could impact on the detection of trends using the aerial photography technique. It is also possible that issues concerning photo-quality may bias assessments through time, and that the limited sample of the permanent monitoring network may inadequately represent change at regional scales.     

ICSTD反应器处理污泥的启动试验研究

新型内循环污泥浓缩消化反应器（ICSTD）处理污泥的启动运行试验采用某污水处理厂二沉池好氧活性污泥进行驯化培养,使反应器正常启动运行。在日处理量为50 L/d,进泥含水率为99.23％～99.46％,进泥VS/TS为0.65～0.73,进泥COD为4 115～5 780 mg/L,反应器容积负荷为1.31 kg COD/(m³·d)时,排泥含水率在96.2％～97.3％,排泥VS/TS为0.48～0.57,COD去除率在95％以上,出水pH在6.6～7.1,且上清液澄清。试验结果表明： ICSTD反应器处理污泥的启动试验,采用直接培养污泥启动的方式培养厌氧污泥历时66 d,能较快地培养厌氧污泥且运行稳定,对污泥的浓缩消化起到较好的作用,同时对反应器后续运行的消化效果提供了一个良好的条件。