人工合成麝香对小麦种子发芽的生态毒性

采用土培实验,研究了佳乐麝香(HHCB)和吐纳麝香(AHTN)对小麦种子发芽的生态毒性,测定了这2种人工合成麝香对小麦种子发芽率、根伸长抑制率和芽伸长抑制率的影响.结果表明,小麦种子的发芽率与这2种人工合成麝香浓度之间剂量-效应关系不明显,低剂量条件下(佳乐麝香≤150 mg·kg-1,吐纳麝香≤200 mg·kg-1...     

Distribution and elimination of polycyclic musks in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China

The two representative polycyclic musks, 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthenyl)-ethanone (AHTN) and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane (HHCB), were measured in aqueous samples and sludge samples of three sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Beijing, China using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The HHCB and AHTN concentration ranges in the influents were 1251.4-3003.8 ng/L and 111.9-286.3 ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the ranges of 492.8-1285.3 ng/...     

多环麝香对蚯蚓的急性和亚急性毒性效应

为探讨多环麝香对土壤动物的毒性效应,以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为供试生物,采用滤纸接触法与自然土壤法,考察了吐纳麝香(AHTN)和佳乐麝香(HHCB)对蚯蚓的急性和亚急性毒性效应。结果显示,滤纸法测得的AHTN和HHCB对蚯蚓的急性经皮毒性为中等毒性,对蚯蚓的48h-LC_(50)分别为20.76和11.87μg·cm~(-2),而自然土壤法测得的AHTN和HHCB对蚯蚓的14d-LC_(50)分别为436.3和392.4μg·g~(-1),2种多环麝香皆属低毒物质。HHCB对蚯蚓的急性毒性大于AHTN,但2种毒性测定方法中不同的染毒介质和毒性作用途径使AHTN和HHCB的急性毒性等级的界定有所差异。AHTN和HHCB对蚯蚓繁殖率的抑制作用较对生长速率更为明显,2种多环麝香对蚯蚓繁殖率的无可见效应浓度(NOEC)均为30μg·g~(-1),最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)均为50μg·g~(-1)。研究表明,蚯蚓繁殖率可作为一种潜在的生物标志物,用于监测或表征土壤中多环麝香的污染水平及其亚急性毒性效应。     

多环麝香污染胁迫对蚯蚓特异性蛋白基因表达的影响

为了探讨蚯蚓特异性蛋白基因表达在监测多环麝香低水平长期暴露污染中的应用,选择蚯蚓热休克蛋白(HSP70)、钙网蛋白(CRT)、亲环素A(cyPA)、翻译控制肿瘤蛋白(TCTP)等代表性蛋白基因作为供试基因.采用自然土壤污染模拟实验,基于mRNA表达分子水平,研究吐纳麝香(AHTN)与佳乐麝香(HHCB)长期(28 d)污染胁迫对以上各特异性蛋白基因响应表达的影响.通过序列同源性比较与荧光定量PCR熔解曲线结果分析,表明设计的引物适合供试基因mRNA表达水平的检测.染毒暴露28 d后,当AHTN染毒浓度小于30μg.g-1或HHCB浓度小于50μg.g-1时,蚯蚓HSP70基因表达水平无显著变化,而AHTN浓度等于或大于30μg.g-1和HHCB浓度等于或大于50μg.g-1时,HSP70基因表达水平呈显著下调趋势;而各AHTN或HHCB浓度处理组中蚯蚓CRT基因显著上调表达;cyPA和TCTP基因表达水平与对照组比较均无呈现显著性差异.研究结果表明,HSP70与CRT等基因的响应表达有望成为表征多环麝香土壤污染暴露水平及生态毒理效应的潜在生物标志物.     

吐纳麝香对东海原甲藻的毒性作用机制

为研究吐纳麝香(AHTN)对海洋微藻的毒性作用机制,以东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)为受试对象,测定5种浓度的AHTN(1,10,50,200和400μg/L)对微藻的生长、光合色素含量、细胞形态结构、细胞膜通透性、抗氧化系统和光合系统的影响.结果表明,AHTN显著抑制东海原甲藻的生长,...     

Occurrence and removal of selected polycyclic musks in two sewage treatment plants in Xi’an, China

Polycyclic musks are widely used for cosmetics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representative polycyclic musks, galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Xi’an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng·L^-1 in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9 ng·L^-1 in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng·L^-1 in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng·L^-1 in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%–70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%–84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks.