Validation of the Polish version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) in an elderly population (60–70 years old)

Purpose. To assess the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the 36-point World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) in an elderly population. Method. One thousand randomly selected individuals, aged 60–70 years, living in south-eastern Poland were assessed using the Polish version of the WHODAS 2.0. Results. The analysis confirmed the high reliability and validity of the tool. Cronbach’s α index was 0.89. The tool had high stability, and the correlation between test and retest results was high. The relevance of the domain selection was high or very high. A factor analysis confirmed the relevance of assigning questions to domains. High theoretical relevance was also demonstrated. Statistically significant differences between those who were and were not suffering from health problems were observed. An analysis of the internal structure of the WHODAS 2.0 revealed strong correlations between the components of each domain and the final result. Conclusion. The Polish version of the WHODAS 2.0 showed high reliability and validity; thus, it can be used to assess health, functioning and disability in the elderly population of Poland.     

THE EFFECTS OF A MOVING RAINSTORM ON DIRECT RUNOFF PROPERTIES1

ABSTRACT: The effects of a moving rainstorm on flood runoff characteristics were investigated. A flood hydrograph simulation model called “FH-Model” and a natural watershed were used. A hypothetical rainstorm of 50 years recurrence interval, 75 mm depth, and 4 hours duration was used to show the effects of velocity and direction of the moving rainstorm on the runoff characteristics. Compared with an equivalent stationary rainstorm (ESRS), the peak flow caused by a rainstorm moving in a downstream direction with a speed equal to channel velocity, V, was 27.5 percent higher and the peak flow caused by the same rainstorm moving in an upstream direction was 21.7 percent smaller. These percentages reduced to 10.5 percent and 8.6 percent for storms moving downstream and upstream, respectively, at three times the channel velocity, 3V. There were negligible differences in the time of peak, T_p between runoff caused by storms moving downstream and runoff produced by ESRS. However, T_p for a storm moving upstream at V velocity was 82 percent higher than that produced by ESRS, but was reduced to 27 percent higher when the storm velocity was 3V.     

泄漏事故应急带压密封处置方法及术语译法研究

给出了泄漏的准确定义,指出了泄漏可能引发的火灾、爆炸、中毒、人身伤亡、环境污染噪音及腐蚀方面的危害。介绍了目前最有效的泄漏事故应急处置方法——带压密封技术的基本原理、特点、应用范围及现场操作步骤;研究了泄漏事故应急处置方法的汉英定名问题,简介了国际上流行的“30”式应急技术服务方式,辨析了“带压密封”汉译英巾“Stoppage under Pressure”等中式英文欠缺。同时举例论述了“带压密封”一词的规范用法和译法。     

过渡金属对Pt Rh Pd/Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

研究了过渡金属(重点考察了铜)对Pt Rh Pd／Al2O3催化剂尾气净化效能的影响,并应用XRD,TPD,TPR等手段对过渡金属在Pt Rh Pd／Al2O3催化剂中的作用机制进行了探讨．结果表明,过渡金属对Pt Rh Pd／Al2O3催化剂具有较大的改性作用,过渡金属与混合贵金属产生的协同效应有利于催化剂活性的提高．     

基于改进灰色模型的管壁蜡沉积厚度预测研究

为对含蜡原油管道中的蜡沉积厚度进行准确预测,在函数cot(x2)变换的基础上,结合平移变换思想,利用cot(x2+c)变换建立新的改进GM(1,1)模型。以现场管道结蜡数据和室内环道结蜡数据为例,对比改进GM(1,1)模型、基于函数cot(x2)变换建立的GM(1,1)模型及传统GM(1,1)模型之间的预测精度,并分析平移量c对改进GM(1,1)模型预测精度的影响。结果表明:改进GM(1,1)模型的预测精度最高,其次是基于函数cot(x2)变换建立的GM(1,1)模型,而传统GM(1,1)模型的预测精度最低;随着平移量的增大,改进GM(1,1)模型的平均相对预测误差呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,因此合理的平移量有助于模型精度的提高。应用改进GM(1,1)模型来预测管道蜡沉积厚度是可行的,该方法可为含蜡原油管道蜡沉积厚度的准确预测提供参考和借鉴。     

Implementing falls prevention research into policy and practice in Australia: past, present and future

Introduction

Falls in older Australians are a significant public health issue with one in three older people falling one or more times each year.

Method

Many fall prevention randomized controlled trials have been conducted in Australia as well as across the world.

Results

The findings of these studies now constitute a substantial evidence base that can provide direction for health and lifestyle interventions for preventing falls in older people. This research evidence has contributed to health policy in Australia to some extent, but is yet to be widely implemented into practice. This opinion piece overviews previous policy initiatives and describes a new Partnership research program funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), which seeks to further influence health policy and address the ongoing research-practice gap.     

污染水体中三氮转化过程的模拟研究

以城市河涌污染水体为研究对象,通过模拟实验,研究了水体中的三氮转化规律及其与环境条件的关系。实验结果表明:室内和室外条件下氨氮转化十分迅速,亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮没有出现明显的累积现象;而在培养箱中,亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮则出现明显的累积现象。此外还研究了光合细菌对水体三氮转化的影响,发现其在室内和室外条件下有利于水体中的三氮转化,而对培养箱条件下的三氮转化起抑制作用。     

科技英语文摘的文体与表达

科技论文的文摘是关系到论文能否被录用、发表及检索的重要因素。文章从文体的角度论述科技文摘的写作与翻译方法及注意问题,指出科技论文摘要应与国际惯例接轨,注意文体的严谨、准确、明了和科学性等问题;并为科技论文文摘撰写提供了重要依据。     

高斯模型的干湿沉积化学转化综合公式研究

污染物在大气中被稀释扩散时 ,还会发生干沉积、湿沉积和化学转化过程 ,所有这些都会影响污染物在大气中的分布。目前高斯模型对污染物的非扩散过程基本不考虑 ,使得环境影响评价中城市尺度的大气预测结果不合理 ,因此提出干湿沉积化学转化综合公式 ,指明了各个参数的计算方法 ,并以上海市化工区为例进行应用计算