Application of CFD Methods for Modelling in Air Pollution Problems: Possibilities and Gaps

Different urban air pollution problems deal with complex structure of air flows and turbulence. For such problems the Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods become widely used. However, this approach despite a number of advantages has some problems. Experience of use of CFD tools for development of models and suggestions of their applications for a local scale air pollution over a complex terrain and stable stratification are discussed in this paper, including: Topography and complex geometry: choose of the co-ordinate system and computer grid; Turbulence closure for air pollution modelling: modified k- model for stable stratified ABL; Boundary conditions for vertical profiles of velocity for stable-stratified atmosphere; Effects of the radiation and thermal budget of inclined surfaces to dispersion of pollutants; Artificial sources of air dynamics and circulation.Some examples of CFD applications for air pollution modelling for a flat terrain, mountainous area, mining open cast and indoor ventilation are discussed. Modified k- model for stably-stratified ABL is suggested. Due to the isotropic character of the k- model a combination of it in vertical with the sub-grid turbulence closure in horizontal can be more suitable for ABL. An effective scheme of boundary conditions for velocity profiles, based on the developed similarity theory for stable-stratified ABL, is suggested. Alongside with the common studies of atmospheric dispersion, the CFD methods have also demonstrated a good potential for studying anthropogenic and artificial-ventilation sources of air dynamic and circulation in local-scale processes of air pollution.     

对熏烟扩散模式应用的探讨

工程上应用的大气污染物扩散模式中 ,熏烟模式由于其非定常性而与其他扩散模式有很大的区别。正确处理模式中各参数及变量的相互关系才能客观地反映污染物对环境影响的结果。本研究通过对熏烟模式的非定常性和各参数、变量相互关系的分析 ,提出了正确使用该模式的方法     

Waste minimization and its ecological evaluation A case study in printed circuit board manufacture

The printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturers face several problems regarding the waste they generate. In Austria, a detailed study for waste minimization was carried out with three PCB manufacturers and one electroplating company. In this project a lot of ecologically and economically effective options were found and implemented. The ecological evaluation of processes is still an unsolved problem. Several evaluation models are tested on selected processes of the project.     

以绿化三维量分析植物群降解SO2的宏观效应

控制和降低城市上空ＳＯ２的环境浓度对于改善城市环境，促进城市生态的良性循环具有十分重要的意义。本文从上海市绿化三维量分布模型、与ＳＯ２浓度分布模型的相关分析入手，以季节变化作为对比因子，讨论了城市绿化植物群的数量及分布对城市上空ＳＯ２浓度分布的宏观影响；并据此提出了可有效地控制城市上空ＳＯ２浓度的绿地建设的基本原则。     

冲气噪声的消声装置

阐述了冲气噪声的产生机理和消声装置结构、消声原理及消声效果，该装置已被广泛采用。     

明渠潮流中垂向紊动射流流场的数值模拟

选用ｋ－ε双方程紊流模型，对自由水面做“动”刚盖假设，建立了明渠潮流中垂向射流流场的数学模型，根据潮汐流动返复回荡的特点，对离散方程组的求解采用“跟踪扫描”逐行求解法，保护和加快了解的收敛，计算了５种不同回荡周期情况下射流流场的变化过程，预报回流区高度与实测值吻合。分析了潮汐非恒定性的影响，获得了一些有益的结论。     

Pulse cleaning flow models and numerical computation of candle ceramic filters

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｌｅａｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｎｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (450℃ -950℃ )ａｎｄｈｉｇｈｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｃａｎｅｎｈａｎｃｅｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｃｌｅａｎｃｏａｌｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓＩＧＣＣｏｒＰＦＢＣ .Ｒｉｇｉｄｃｅｒａｍｉｃｆｉｌｔｅｒｓｏｆａｖａｒｉｅｔｙｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓａｒｅｕｎｄｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｆｉ…     

深凹露天矿流场与污染物散布的模拟研究

利用高阶矩湍流闭合方案建立了一个三维非静力高分辨率ＰＢＬ数值模式，并用此模式模拟了中性层结条件下一个深凹露天矿区实际地形的流场结构与湍流特性，分析并揭示露天矿自然通风特性，为进一步研究露天矿污染扩散规律提供背景流场。数值模拟的一些结果与同样试验条件下的风洞试验结果吻合甚好。