3株反硝化聚磷菌的分离与鉴定

通过烛缸法培养富集、分离,结合除磷试验、硝酸盐还原产气试验及异染颗粒和PHB颗粒染色辅助检验相结合的方法筛选,得到3株具有较高脱氮除磷效率的反硝化聚磷菌DNPA8, DNPA9和DNPA10。在富氮富磷培养基中培养48 h,各菌株的脱氮率均大于75%,除磷率均大于78%。采用多相分类的方法确定了3株反硝化聚磷菌的分类地位,DNPA8为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌,DNPA9为水生丛毛单胞菌属首次发现的反硝化聚磷菌;DNPA10为约翰逊氏不动杆菌。该研究结果为富营养化水体的治理提供了有效的菌种资源。     

Exploration of the metabolic flexibility of glycogen accumulating organisms through metatranscriptome analysis and metabolic characterization

Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) are closely related to the deterioration of enhanced biological phosphorus removal systems. However, the metabolic mechanisms that drive GAOs remain unclear. Here, the two-thirds supernatant of a reactor were decanted following the anaerobic period to enrich GAOs. Long-term monitoring demonstrated that the system was stable and exhibited typical characteristics of GAOs metabolism. Acetate was completely consumed after 60 min of the anaerobic phase. The level of glycogen decreased from 0.20 to 0.14 g/gSS during the anaerobic phase, whereas the level of glycogen significantly increased to 0.21g/gSS at the end of the aerobic period. Moreover, there was almost no phosphate release and absorption in the complete periods, thus confirming the successful construction of a GAOs enrichment system. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that Ca. Contendobacter was among the core functional genera and showed the highest activity among all of the communities. Furthermore, our study is the first to identify the involvement of the ethyl-malonyl-CoA pathway in the synthesis of polyhydroxyvalerate via croR, ccr, ecm, mcd, mch and mcl genes. The Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway was preferentially used via glgP. Furthermore, the glyoxylate cycle was the main source of ATP under anaerobic conditions, whereas the tricarboxylic acid cycle provided ATP under aerobic conditions. aceA and mdh appeared to be major modulators of the glyoxylate pathway for controlling energy flow. Collectively, our findings not only revealed the crucial metabolic mechanisms in a GAOs enrichment system but also provided insights into the potential application of Ca. Contendobacter for wastewater treatment.     

我国典型海域主要生物体微量元素含量的统计研究

研究了微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、CM、Sr、Ba在我国典型海域主要生物类别中的概率分布特征，并与常量元素Ca、Mg进行了比较。结果表明，微量元素的概率分布曲线具正偏态性质，概率分布类型大多为对数正态分布或近似对数正态分布，表明对某一特定微量元素，大多数生物体中的含量都比较低，只有个别生物有不成比例的高含量。常量元素Ca与微量元素相似，表现为对数正态分布，而Mg却具正态分布特征。本文给出了我国典型海域生物体中元素含量的总体分布特征。     

污染场地地下水抽出处理技术研究

地下水污染控制与修复是场地修复的重点内容。我国在地下水污染控制与修复领域尚处于起步阶段,简述了我国地下水污染场地类型、污染特点以及国外地下水污染控制与修复的主要技术,重点研究整理了国外最为常用的地下水修复技术,即抽出处理技术的技术原理、适用条件、技术优势和限制条件,以及系统设计与运行重点关注内容,为我国的地下水污染控制与修复技术研究和工程实践提供参考。     

不同进水条件对SBR工艺脱氮除磷效能的影响

采用人工配水,研究进水在不同pH值,碳源类型,碳氮比条件下,厌氧/好氧/缺氧(A/O/A)sBR工艺对生物法脱氮除磷效能的影响.结果表明:不同的进水条件对反应器的影响较大,当pH值为7.5,乙酸钠为碳源,碳氮比为1.4时,反应器运行效果最佳,系统对PO43--P,NH4+-N的去除率分别达到97.28%,99.5%.N...     

固定化反硝化聚磷菌同步除磷脱氮实验研究

实验采用海藻酸钠和PVA添加膨润土包埋固定经富集驯化的以反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOs)为主的活性污泥,利用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜考察了固定化小球的形态和表面结构,并对厌氧/好氧条件下,包埋小球除磷脱氮性能进行探讨,结果表明:固定化小球具有良好的强化生物除磷和较好的反硝化脱氮性能,体系的COD去除率平均达74.9%,平均除磷效率为95.3%,氨氮平均去除率达到95.2%左右。小球若长时间缺氧,在其内部会出现厌氧区,并产生厌氧放磷现象。     

丁醚脲农药对3种水生生物的风险评价

研究了丁醚脲乳油和悬浮剂2种剂型对水生生物的急性毒性。结果表明,质量分数25%丁醚脲乳油对斑马鱼、河虾为高毒,对河蟹为低毒;质量分数50%丁醚脲悬浮剂对斑马鱼为高毒,对河虾为中毒,对河蟹为低毒。在室内毒性试验的基础上,应用多层次生态风险评价方法,评价丁醚脲对稻田-鱼塘模拟生态系统中水生生物的风险性。结果表明,质量分数25%丁醚脲乳油对斑马鱼、河虾具有极高的风险性,对河蟹影响较小;质量分数50%丁醚脲悬浮剂对斑马鱼也具有较高风险,对河虾、河蟹的风险性较低。鉴于丁醚脲对水生生物有较高的风险性,为保护环境有益生物,应当禁止或限制其在稻田中使用。     

倒置AAO工艺聚磷微生物的吸磷行为

采用人工配水和市政污水研究了“缺氧-厌氧-好氧”(倒置AAO)脱氮除磷工艺中,聚磷微生物(PAOs)在低碳源、高硝酸盐环境下的释磷和吸磷行为.结果表明,在低碳源、高氮和磷环境中,尽管PAOs在缺氧厌氧段释磷程度低,如果适当延长厌氧段和好氧段的HRT、且好氧曝气较充分,仍能超量吸收磷.PAOs过量吸磷的能量来源不仅仅是厌氧段吸收与合成的胞内聚合物在好氧段的氧化,还来自好氧环境正常代谢过程中多余的能量.外加碳源的投加时间点对PAOs吸磷的影响不显著.PAOs在厌氧段后期出现过量吸磷现象,推测是细胞内有机物厌氧降解产生的ATP通过某种代谢途径被用于无机磷的吸收.     

Bioindicator organisms: Heavy metal pollution evaluation in the Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea—Italy)

Trace metal concentrations of mercury, cadmium, lead and chromium in Patella caerulea, and Mullus barbatus were investigated to provide information on pollution of Ionian Sea, since these metals have the highest toxic potential. High chromium levels (0.47–0.97 g g^–1 ww) were registered in limpet samples collected from two station near the Gulf of Taranto, while elevated concentration of mercury (0.31–1.50 g g^–1 ww) were found in mullet specimens from Sicily. The metal concentrations recorded at the clean stations may be considered as useful background levels to which to refer for comparison within the Mediterranean area. On the contrary, the high levels of chromium and mercury found respectively in the areas near the Gulf of Taranto and at Capo Passero being of concern in terms of environmental health need frequent monitoring.     

影响聚磷菌与聚糖菌竞争的关键因素研究进展

增强生物除磷（EBPR）是一种高效、经济的除磷工艺,然而在某些条件下聚糖菌的过量繁殖导致除磷效果恶化。文章阐述了影响聚磷菌和聚糖菌生长的关键因素,从而可以选择性的培养聚磷菌并使其处于竞争优势,这对于提高EBPR的除磷效果、增强工艺的稳定性具有重要的意义。