减噪路面的降噪机理及其结构

阐述了减噪路面的降噪机理，并提供了几种减噪路面结构及实测数据，对高速公路设计有着重要的参考意义。     

废旧橡胶粉用于道路改性沥青的研究

从环保的角度出发，利用废旧橡胶粉对道路沥青改性进行了试验研究，分析了废胶粉的细度及掺量对沥青性能的影响，并就橡胶粉改性沥青所采用的胶粉细度、掺量以及改性措施提出了合理的建议。     

VE泵端面凸轮冷/温复合成形技术研究

采用温锻制坯与冷摆辗相结合的复合成形工艺生产VE泵端面凸轮精密成形件,不仅材料利用率可达到95%左右;而且成形件的尺寸精度高,表面光洁度高,能有效地减少后续仿形磨削加工的余量,从而降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率。采用该工艺可以进行大批量生产,能满足我国轻型汽车VE泵的生产需要。     

小型炭素焙烧炉沥青烟气净化技术初探

阐述了颗粒层吸附技术在小型炭素焙烧沥青烟气净化中的应用。     

Improving Operational Planning and Management of National Parks in Turkey: A Case Study

The purpose this study was to improve operational planning and management of national parks in Turkey to balance conservation use and sustainable management. Souksu National Park (SNP) was chosen as the study area. The data were obtained from interviews of 182 visitor groups (in total, 819 people) and analyzed using correlation, factor, discriminant, and regression analyses. It was found that the most important factors affecting operational planning and management of SNP are (1) travel cost, (2) visitor welfare level, (3) intensity of use, (4) size of visitor group, (5) type of recreational demand. The main source of visitors to SNP is from a zone within a 0–90-km radius. This region comprised 53.85% of total visitors to the park. The capital of Turkey (Ankara) is the most important source of visitors from within this zone. The optimum activity mix in SNP is also determined. Picnicking, viewing the scenery, and nature walks or trekking comprised the main uses of the park. It is anticipated that these findings will help to improve operational planning and sustainable management of the national park and the environment.     

灼烧净水污泥对外源磷的吸附和固定作用

研究了不同投加方式下(混匀和覆盖)灼烧净水污泥对外源磷的累积吸附效果,以及吸附外源磷后底泥等温吸附效果和在厌氧条件下内源磷释放情况.结果表明,混匀和覆盖条件下,底泥对上覆水中磷的累积吸附量分别为11.496 mg和11.042 mg,明显高于对照实验(7.219 mg).通过对吸附外源磷后的底泥进行等温吸附实验,发现混匀条件和覆盖条件下磷最大吸附量(Smax)均有所增加,并且前者(7.795 mg·g~(-1))要高于后者(6.807 mg·g~(-1)),但磷平衡浓度(EPC0)前者(0.83mg·L~(-1))却明显大于后者(0.64 mg·L~(-1)),表明混匀条件下内源磷更容易释放.在厌氧环境下,混匀方式内源磷释放量仅为0.93 mg,不仅低于覆盖(1.49 mg),也明显低于对照实验(7.76 mg).覆盖条件下比释放速率的平均值(0.006 14)大于混匀(0.003 96),并均低于对照实验.这说明混匀对内源磷的持留能力更强.暗示了单纯用EPC0值来评价底泥对磷的固定能力是不妥的.     

袋式除尘器在沥青混凝土搅拌设备上的应用

分析了沥青混凝土搅拌设备的构成以及生产沥青混凝土的工艺及烟尘特点;通过应用工程实例,指出袋式除尘器是沥青混凝土搅拌设备最理想的除尘系统之一。     

混合酶强化剩余污泥微生物燃料电池性能

为了提高剩余污泥为燃料的微生物燃料电池(SMFC)产电性能以及污泥减量化效果,在不同的温度(40、45和50℃)研究单室无膜微生物燃料电池中酶对SMFC产电特性的强化效果.加入单一酶(蛋白酶或α-淀粉酶)的结果表明,随着温度的上升,SMFC功率密度均上升,但40℃时强化效果最明显,与加入失活酶的对照组相比分别增加198％和130％.在40℃下,混合酶比(蛋白酶浓度:淀粉酶浓度)为2∶3时,SMFC最大功率密度为776 mW/m2.随着混合酶中淀粉酶的比例提高,SMFC库伦效率逐渐增加,当混合酶比为4∶1时,CE(库伦效率)可达18.3％,同时TCOD、TSS和VSS去除率分别为70.3％、66.7％和80.4％.因此,温度相对较低时,外加酶强化效果更明显;与单种酶相比,混合酶对SMFC产电性能和污泥减量化的强化效果更显著.     

Chloride Released from Three Permeable Pavement Surfaces after Winter Salt Application

Few studies exist on how chloride from chloride‐based deicers is transported in infiltration‐based stormwater control measures. In 2009, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) constructed a 0.4 ha parking lot in Edison, New Jersey, that was surfaced with permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Each surface type has four equally sized, lined sections that direct all infiltrate to separate 5.7 m³ collection tanks. The USEPA acute criterion for aquatic life (860 mg/l) was exceeded in events immediately following a snow event. Concentrations of the infiltrate exceeded the detection limit (5 mg/l) year round but did not exceed the USEPA chronic toxicity (230 mg/l) after April. The chloride concentration decreased with cumulative rainfall since previous snow event, and a power regression described this relationship. In the power regression, the coefficient (b) described the initial concentration following a snow event, and the exponent (m) described the rate in which chloride was flushed through the system with infiltrating water. PC had the largest coefficient (5,664) and largest absolute exponent (?0.92), followed closely by PICP (b = 4,943 and m = ?0.87), and distantly by PA (b = 2,907 and m = ?0.67). The differences in release rate were proportional to the measured surface infiltration rates of 4,000; 2,400; and 200 cm/h for PC, PICP, and PA, respectively. These results will assist those who manage or regulate stormwater where receiving waters are chloride impaired.     

路面径流生态阻控技术研究——以改性麦饭石透水沥青路面为例

为强化透水沥青路面对路面径流中氮、磷的控制效果,采用铁盐联合碱热技术制备了涂层负载改性麦饭石蓄水层集料,并运用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对改性后麦饭石集料的表面形态、特征和化学成分进行了表征.同时,通过静态吸附试验对TP的吸附效果及其作用机理进行了对比研究.最后将改性麦饭石作为蓄水层集料应用于透水沥青路面中,通过模拟降雨和周期蓄水试验探究其净化机制.结果表明:相比于天然麦饭石,铁盐联合碱改性麦饭石的表面性状发生了明显变化,最大饱和吸附容量明显提高,对氨氮和磷酸盐的吸附容量分别从1.32 mg·g~(-1)和1.48 mg·g~(-1)提升到12.82 mg·g~(-1)和6.38 mg·g~(-1);降雨全过程中改性蓄水层路面对NH~+_4-N的整体去除效率可提高20%左右,对TP的净化效率至少可提高15%,蓄水阶段较模拟降雨阶段污染物的去除效果显著提高,改性后麦饭石蓄水层24 h后的出水水质均可达III类水标准,强化蓄水层和提高蓄水时间是提高路面径流净化效率的有效措施.因此,本实验中铁盐联合碱热技术制备的改性麦饭石可推荐用于海绵城市生态处理设施透水沥青路面中削减氨氮和总磷的污染负荷.