Distribution of Zooplankton along the Longitudinal Profile of Two Disturbed Small Rivers of the Upper Volga Basin

The abundance and trophic structure of zooplankton along the longitudinal profile of two typical rivers in the Yaroslavl sector of the Volga region are determined by anthropogenic and zoogenic factors. The distribution of zooplankton under the influence of these factors is described by the concept of patch dynamics. The abundance of zooplankton reaches the highest values in the ameliorated upper reaches of rivers and in beaver ponds.     

A Marine Pollution Study of Northeast Coastal Water Off Taiwan Island

The coastal water of northeast Taiwan island, called 'Yin-Yang Hai' for its distinct yellow colour compared with blue offshore water, was investigated from 1989 to 1990 by the authors. Biological study showed the dominant species of plankton to be Copepoda, Cladocera, planktonic eggs and Diatoma. Dominant species of benthos were young crabs, Amphipoda and Annelida, with Amphipoda usually occurring in heavily polluted areas. Heavy metal data showed that the concentration of copper was high. the copper and iron concentration in algae of the intertidal zone was also high. the concentrations of iron and copper in inshore water were also higher than in offshore water. By comparison of the pH and salinity distribution of this area, we conclude that this coastal water has been polluted by acid waste water from coastal industry. the suspended solids concentration in sea water is high. Flocculation occurring at the boundary of fresh and saline water might be a reason for the distinct yellow colour of the water of this area. Further study is required.     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake:A 5-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions.However,it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity.To elucidate relationships between them,in a eutrophic shallow lake,Taihu Lake,relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity.The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus(TP)played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons(i.e.temperature in winter,spring and summer; TP in spring,summer and autumn); COD(chemical oxygen demand)and BOD(biological oxygen demand)presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring,summer and autumn.However,a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn,and conversely negative ones in summer.As the predatory factor,zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season.Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were observed between phytoplankton biomass and pH,Trans(transparency of water)and DO.The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity,which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability,and hence,advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

Effects of low pH on zooplankton in some suburban waterbodies of Chongqing City

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椒江口春、秋季浮游动物分布特征及与主要环境因子的关系

2009年5月和10月对椒江口(121.35°E～121.85°E,28.50°N～28.80°N)浮游动物进行调查,分析其群落结构、生物量和丰度的时空分布特征及与主要环境因子的关系.结果表明,该海域浮游动物有明显的季节变化,春季鉴定到14大类50种,卡玛拉水母(Malagazzia carolinae)为绝对优势种,秋季鉴定到14大类73种,优势种分别为百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)、双生水母(Diphyes chamissonis)、亚强真哲水蚤(Eucalanus subcrassus)、微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)、中华胸刺水蚤(Centropages sinensis)和肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata);多样性指数为秋季(2.59)高于春季(1.82),生物量和丰度为春季(972.66 mg/m3和1 743.54 ind/m3)远高于秋季(65.30 mg/m3和31.94 ind/m3).总生物量和丰度的空间分布由优势种决定,春季高值区出现在咸淡水交汇的出海口处;秋季有沿河口向外递增的趋势.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,营养盐、盐度和溶解氧为影响春秋季椒江口浮游动物分布的环境因子;浮游动物群落存在明显的季节和空间异质性;各物种适宜的生态环境不同.与类似河口的现状相比,椒江口的浮游动物种类丰富,可能与影响该河口的水团多样有关;与历史资料相比,椒江口4、10月份浮游动物的生物量、丰度及优势类群保持相对稳定.图9表6参44     

Specific Structural Features of Zooplankton in Lakes Differing in Trophic Status: Species Populations

The index of cenotic significance and other indices calculated on its basis were used for revealing specific structural features of zooplanktonic communities in lakes differing in productivity. The results showed that new indices (complexity coefficient, index of cenotic significance of dominant species, and integrated cenotic significance of the zooplankton) strongly correlate with the trophic status of the water body and are more responsive to changes in the structure of the community than the Shannon–Weaver index of species diversity. The results confirm the hypothesis that the structure of zooplankton is simplified in the course of lake eutrophication.     

复合养殖系统中浮游动物种类丰度及其影响因素

利用人工湿地和养殖塘构建了复合养殖系统,通过设置不同塘间水质差异,调查了斑点叉尾鮰鱼鱼种培育段和成鱼养殖段不同梯度下的浮游动物种类丰度,并探讨了种类丰度与环境因子的关系.结果表明,2养殖阶段的循环塘中,轮虫的种类丰度随养殖密度的增加而升高,浮游甲壳动物随养殖密度的增加而降低.成鱼养殖阶段对照塘中轮虫的种类丰度高于循环塘P1、P2;枝角类和桡足类的丰度则低于P1、P2;高养殖密度塘P3中,3种形态浮游动物种类丰度均低于对照塘.15种环境因子的主成分分析以及种类丰度与环境因子的冗余度分析结果表明,影响浮游动物种类丰度的主要环境因素为水体的营养状态,水体的物理特征对种类丰度的影响较小.     

洪泽湖浮游动物时空分布特征及其驱动因素

洪泽湖是我国第四大淡水湖,承担着周边的工农业用水以及为人类提供渔业资源等重要功能.研究洪泽湖浮游动物群落结构变化可为洪泽湖生态环境的科学管理提供理论依据.通过2017年3月至2018年2月的逐月调查数据,结合洪泽湖浮游动物的种类组成、密度和生物量的时空变化,以及群落多样性和优势种的季节变化特征,并运用典范对应分析等方法探讨了洪泽湖浮游动物的时空变化与环境因子的相互关系.群落结构分析表明,洪泽湖浮游动物年均密度为383.87 ind·L^-1,年均生物量为1.36 mg·L^-1.洪泽湖浮游动物群落结构时空变化较大,时间上夏季浮游动物群落结构波动较大,秋季浮游动物密度与生物量均达到最大值,冬季浮游动物群落结构最为简单;空间上成子湖和溧河洼浮游动物较为丰富,差异较小,过水区浮游动物较少且变化较大.典范对应分析表明,洪泽湖浮游动物群落结构的时空变化与水位、总磷、水温和总氮等因素显著相关.不同时间浮游动物群落结构变化的主导因素不同,夏季主导因素是水位与水温;秋冬季主导因素是水温、营养盐及叶绿素等.不同湖区点位集中程度不同,过水区分布的更为分散,浮游动物群落结构差异较大,成子湖和溧河洼分布的相对集中,浮游动物群落结构差异较小.水位波动对浮游动物群落结构的变化影响最大,表现在水位波动会直接影响浮游动物群落结构,同时也会通过影响水质而间接影响浮游动物群落结构.     

象山港国华电厂强增温海域浮游动物群落结构和多样性的时空特征

为探明电厂强增温海域浮游动物群落结构和多样性的时空特征,于2011年在象山港国华电厂附近海域,采用浮游生物Ⅱ型网(网目160μm)进行10站位2重复的浮游动物季节性采样.结果表明,共识别出62种浮游动物(含幼体),平均丰度为9 531.1 ind.m-3.该海域浮游动物群落主要由桡足类和浮游幼体类组成,且以浮游幼体类为主,比例高达66.6%.相似性分析显示,各月间浮游动物群落结构差异极显著(P<0.01),控制群落结构的优势种有18种,最重要的判别种有瘦尾胸刺水蚤Centropages tenuiremis、大同长腹剑水蚤Oithona similis、伪长腹剑水蚤Oithona fallax、克氏纺锤水蚤Acartia clausi、长尾基齿哲水蚤Clausocalanus furcatus、针刺拟哲水蚤Paracalanus aculeatus和小拟哲水蚤Paracalanus parvus.GLM分析显示,月份间的多样性指数也存在极显著差异(P<0.01),经计算,各多样性指数随水温增加而下降的拐点水温范围为20.31～22.31℃.在断面上,离排水口0.2 km断面(D02)的平均水温比2 km断面高2.16℃.受温度影响,主要优势种如瘦尾胸刺水蚤和大同长腹剑水蚤倾向于向D02断面移动,克氏纺锤水蚤、尤其是大型浮游动物倾向于远离排水口,并向1.2 km断面聚集,使D02断面的种类数最少(33种)、丰度最低(5 522.8 ind.m-3),而1.2 km断面的种类数(53种)和丰度(16 491.0 ind.m-3)最高;同时,D02断面的多样性指数也明显低于其它断面.经线性回归分析,海域增温使多样性指数极显著下降(P<0.01),每增温1℃浮游动物丰富度下降12.3%.     

利用浮游动物群落结构与功能特征监测乐安江－鄱阳湖口重金属污染

１９９３年５月和１９９４年１０月两次对江西乐安江－鄱阳湖湖口的浮游动物进行了生态调查．分析了浮游动物群落结构与功能特征及其与水质的相互关系，并结合丰水期和枯水期的资料进行了水质的综合评价．结果表明：６个采样站浮游动物结构与功能参数的变化与重金属的含量关系密切．上游受铜矿废水污染严重的采样站，种类数、个体数量、生物量、多样性指数ｄ值和ＰＦＵ原生动物的群集速度都很低．至中、下游采样站，重金属浓度明显下降，浮游动物的各项监测指标均呈上升趋势．群落多样性指数ｄ值与水体中Ｃｕ的含量存在一定的回归关系，其关系式为Ｙ＝１６．４１－１．７７ｌｎＸ．