作业井场含油固体废弃物生物制剂法除油技术研究

采用生物制剂(BS7酶)洗涤法处理冀东油田作业井场固体废弃物，研究了该处理方法中制剂投加量、搅拌时间、固液比和洗涤次数对处理效果的影响，得到了最佳洗涤条件。并对其设备投资、处理综合成本等进行了经济效益分析。为冀东油田作业井场含油固体废弃物工业化处理提供重要依据。     

β修正罗丹明B光度法测定工业废水中银

对β修正光度法测定废水中痕量银进行了研究，该方法能消除反应液中过量显色剂干扰，提高分析灵敏度和准确度。测定结果表明，银加标回收率９３．０－１０６．０％，精密度ＲＳＤ２．３％，银量低测定浓度０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ。该方法适合于印相，电镀等行业废水银分析。     

SZE—2型隔声罩在镇海电厂125MW机组上的使用及存在问题

在一般火力发电厂中，汽轮发电机组的噪声污染是比较突出的问题。国内电厂的噪声测试表明：汽轮发电机组各部位的噪声值大都在90dB（A）以上，个别部位甚至高达100dB（A）以上，对运行工人及周围环境产生严重危害。对于发电机组的噪声治理，一般采用隔声罩，即从传播途径方面来控制。但由于电厂设备复杂，噪声种类多等原因，治理效果不太理想。镇海发电厂总装机容量为1050MW，一期工程主厂房内装有两台125MW的燃油发电机组。其中汽轮机型号为N125－135／550／550；发电机型号为QFS－125－2。两台机组分别于1979年1月和9月投产发电。这…     

Adsorption of 17β-estradiol from aqueous solution by raw and direct/pre/post-KOH treated lotus seedpod biochar

Five biochars derived from lotus seedpod(LSP) were applied to examine and compare the adsorption capacity of 17β-estradiol(E2) from aqueous solution.The effect of KOH activation and the order of activation steps on material properties were discussed.The effect of contact time,initial concentration,p H,ionic strength and humic acid on E2 adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption process.Experimental results demonstrated that the pseudo second-order model fitted the experimental data best and that adsorption equilibrium was reached within 20 hr.The efficiency of E2 removal increased with increasing E2 concentration and decreased with the increase of ionic strength.E2 adsorption on LSP-derived biochar(BCs) was influenced little by humic acid,and slightly affected by the solution p H when its value ranged from 4.0 to 9.0,but considerably affected at p H 10.0.Low environmental temperature is favorable for E2 adsorption.Chemisorption,π–π interactions,monolayer adsorption and electrostatic interaction are the possible adsorption mechanisms.Comparative studies indicated that KOH activation and the order of activation steps had significant impacts on the material.Post-treated biochar exhibited better adsorption capacity for E2 than direct treated,pretreated,and raw LSP biochar.Pyrolyzed biochar at higher temperature improved E2 removal.The excellent performance of BCs in removing E2 suggested that BCs have potential in E2 treatment and that the biochar directly treated by KOH would be a good choice for the treatment of E2 in aqueous solution,with its advantages of good efficiency and simple technology.     

Hygroscopicity measurement of sodium carbonate, β-alanine and internally mixed β-alanine/Na2CO3 particles by ATR-FTIR

Water-uptakes of pure sodium carbonate(Na_2CO_3),pure β-alanine and internally mixedβ-alanine/Na_2CO_3 aerosol particles with different mole ratios are first monitored using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) technique.For pure Na_2CO_3 aerosol particles,combining the absorptions at 877 and 1422 cm-1 with abrupt water loss shows the efflorescence relative humidity(ERH) of 62.9%–51.9%.Upon humidifying,solid Na_2CO_3 firstly absorbs water to from Na_2CO_3·H2 O crystal at 72.0% RH and then deliquesces at 84.5% RH(DRH).As for pure β-alanine particles,the crystallization takes place in the range of 42.4%–33.2% RH and becomes droplets at ～ 88.2% RH.When β-alanine is mixed with Na_2CO_3 at various mole ratios,it shows no efflorescence of Na_2CO_3 whenβ-alanine to Na_2CO_3 mole ratio(OIR) is 2:1.For 1:1 and 1:2 β-alanine/Na_2CO_3 aerosols,the ERHs of Na_2CO_3 are 51.8%–42.3% and 57.1%–42.3%,respectively.While β-alanine crystal appears from 62.7% RH for 2:1 and 59.4% RH for both 1:1 and 1:2 particles and lasts to driest state.On hydration,the DRH is 44.7%–75.2% for Na_2CO_3 with the OIR of 1:1 and 44.7%–69.0%for 1:2 mixture,and those of β-alanine are 74.8% for 2:1 mixture and 68.9% for two others.After the first dehumidification–humidification,all the water contents decrease despite of constituent fraction.And at ～ 92% RH,the remaining water contents are 92%,89% and 82%at ～ 92% RH,corresponding to OIR of 2:1,1:1 and 1:2 mixed system,respectively.     

亚剂量抗生素诱导抗性基因水平迁移

为探究亚剂量抗生素诱导下编码广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrum β-lactamase,ESBL)基因的接合转移(conjugation),使用从新加坡主要医院的废水中直接分离的可合成ESBL的铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)和大肠杆菌(E.coli)菌株作为ESBL编码质粒的供体,以携带绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein, GFP)基因的耐氯霉素(chloramphenicol,CHL)大肠杆菌SCC1(E.coli SCC1)作为受体,借助响应面分析,检测并分析了携带有ESBL编码基因的质粒在亚剂量水平的四环素(tetracycline,TC),磺胺甲噁唑(sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)和头孢他啶(ceftazidime,CAZ)单一暴露和共同暴露时,从供体菌株接合传递至受体菌株的特征.结果发现,ESBL编码质粒可在无诱导抗生素胁迫下,以平均0.001 5和0.004 2的频率分别由铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌供体接合转移至受体大肠杆菌SCC1菌株,具有较低的"适应性代价",并在质量浓度低于最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)的抗生素暴露下更易在大肠杆菌菌株之间传递.大肠杆菌菌株之间的接合转移显著发生在质量浓度低于0.03 mg·L~(-1)的TC与质量浓度低于0.002 mg·L~(-1)的CAZ单一暴露或共同暴露时,并可被亚MIC的TC显著抑制.铜绿假单胞菌与大肠杆菌间的接合转移可在5倍MIC的TC、CAZ共同暴露时被显著诱导,未检测到亚MIC水平抗生素对其的促进作用.     

尕海湿地植被退化过程中有机碳及相关土壤酶活性变化特征

以青藏高原东缘尕海湿地不同植被退化程度样地为研究对象,采用定位研究与室内试验相结合的方法,研究植被退化过程对土壤有机碳和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：植被退化显著影响土壤有机碳含量和土壤酶活性,降低了土壤有机碳的含量和酶促反应效率,且这种影响随土层深度变化有所不同。四种植被退化阶段有机碳含量和酶活性均值总体上（0~100 cm）表现为未退化>轻度退化>中度退化>重度退化。不同土层中,20~40 cm土层的有机碳含量中度退化>轻度退化;0~10 cm土层中淀粉酶和纤二糖酶中度退化阶段活性值较高;20~100 cm土层中蔗糖酶重度退化阶段活性值最高,纤二糖酶活性重度退化>中度退化。同一退化程度土壤有机碳含量、蔗糖酶和纤二糖酶活性随土层深度增加显著降低（P<0.05）;淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性在>40 cm土层中活性值有所上升,整体呈波动下降趋势。